从单一到多元:互联网跨境人格权侵权法律适用制度之反思与重构  

From Single to Multiple:Reflection and Reconstruction of the Legal Application System of Cross-Border Infringement of Personality Rights on the Internet

作　　者：徐伟功[1] 张亚军 Xu Weigong;Zhang Yajun

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院

出　　处：《国际法研究》2023年第2期99-122,共24页Chinese Review of International Law

基　　金：2019年国家社会科学基金重点项目“我国涉外民事审判中法官自由裁量权实证研究”(项目编号:19AFX026)的阶段性研究成果;2020年国家社科基金重大项目“国际私法视域下中国法域外适用的制度构建研究”(项目编号:20&ZD202)的中期成果之一。

摘　　要：在中国互联网跨境人格权侵权法律适用的司法实践中,中国法院通常适用《中华人民共和国涉外民事关系法律适用法》第44条的规定,忽视或放弃第46条的规定。这种做法不仅与特别规则优于一般规则的适用原则相矛盾,也偏离了单独规定互联网跨境人格权侵权冲突规则以强调弱者利益保护原则的立法初衷,导致第44条扩大适用的正当性受到质疑。同时,这也反映了第46条规定存在模糊性、滞后性、不合目的性等立法局限。中国未来人格权侵权法律适用制度,可通过梯次选择性冲突规则的设计、有限意思自治原则的引入、最密切联系原则的合理运用、人格权侵权法律适用范围的调整等方式进行完善。目前,中国法院应厘清第46条与第44条的适用边界,规范冲突法裁判思维与说理过程。In the judicial practice of the law of cross-border infringement of personality rights in China,Chinese courts usually apply the provisions of Article 44 of the Law Application Act and ignore the provisions of Article 46.Such practice not only contradicts to the principle that special rules are superior to general rules,but also deviates from the original intention of the legislation to emphasize the principle of protecting the interests of the weak by stipulating the conflict rules of cross-border infringement of personality rights on the Internet separately,which leads to doubts about the legitimacy of the expanded application of Article 44.At the same time,it also reflects the legislative limitations of Article 46,such as vagueness,latency and inconformity with the purpose of legislation.In the future,the application system of the tort law of personality rights can be perfected through the design of the hierarchical selective conflict rules,the introduction of the principle of limited autonomy,the reasonable application of the principle of the most signification relationship,and the adjustment of the applicable scope of the tort law of personality rights.At present,Chinese courts should clarify the boundary of the application of Article 46 and Article 44,and strengthen the implementation of the judgment thinking of conflict law.

关 键 词：互联网 跨境人格权侵权 法律适用 冲突法 弱者权利保护 

分 类 号：D997[政治法律—国际法学]