视空工作记忆下篮球运动员赛场注意捕获的眼动研究  

A Study on Eye Movement of Basketball Player’s Attention Capture under Visuo-spatial Working Memory

作　　者：康鹏飞 KANG Pengfei(Ministry of sports,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics,Nanjing 210003,China)

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学体育部,南京210003

出　　处：《河北体育学院学报》2023年第3期67-76,共10页Journal of Hebei Sport University

基　　金：2021年“江苏省社科应用研究精品工程”高校思想政治教育专项课题“课程思政视域下高校体育课程与思政教育融合研究”(21SZC-064)。

摘　　要：目的:研究视空工作记忆及不同负荷、视觉混乱度对篮球运动员赛场注意捕获的影响。方法:选取30名国家二级及以上等级篮球运动员,30名公共体育课篮球兴趣班成员,采用2(高负荷/低负荷)×2(普通组/专业组)×2(客体工作记忆/空间工作记忆)×2(高视觉混乱度/低视觉混乱度)的混合实验设计。结果:专业组在任何搜索任务下的成绩和效率都显著优于普通组;在低负荷下,被试赛场捕获成绩和效率均显著优于高负荷情境;在客体与空间工作记忆搜索任务中,低混乱度下的搜索成绩均显著优于高混乱度;高混乱度下,被试客体工作记忆搜索任务的成绩和效率显著高于空间工作记忆;低混乱度下,被试客体工作记忆搜索任务的效率显著高于空间工作记忆。结论:不同视空工作记忆会对篮球运动员的赛场注意捕获效果产生影响,高负荷会使运动员赛场表现下降;混乱度高低影响运动员的搜索成绩但不影响搜索效率;混乱度高时,空间工作记忆负载对运动员的赛场表现影响更大,混乱度低时,空间工作记忆负载和客体工作记忆负载只会导致被试搜索效率的差异。Objectives:To study the effects of visuospatial working memory,different loads,and visual confusion on the attention capture of basketball players.Methods:30 national second-level and above basketball players and 30 members of basketball interest classes in public physical education classes are selected.A mixed experimental design of 2(high load/low load)×2(general group/professional group)×2(object working memory/spatial working memory)×2(high visual confusion/low visual confusion)is adopted.Results:The performance and efficiency of the professional group in any search task are significantly higher than those of the ordinary group;under low load,the performance and efficiency of field capture are significantly better than those under high load;in the object and spatial working memory search tasks,the search performance under low confusion was significantly better than that under high confusion;under high confusion,the performance and efficiency of the object working memory search task are significantly higher than that of the spatial working memory;under low confusion,the efficiency of working memory search task was significantly higher than that of spatial working memory.Conclusions:Different visuospatial working memory will have an impact on the attention capture effect of basketball players on the field,and high load will reduce the players’performance on the field;the level of confusion affects the search results of athletes but does not affect the search efficiency;when the degree of confusion is high,the spatial working memory load has a greater impact on the performance of the athletes;when the degree of confusion is low,the spatial working memory load and the object working memory load will only lead to the difference in the search efficiency of the subjects.

关 键 词：客体工作记忆 空间工作记忆 视觉搜索 注意捕获 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]