民国时期江南地区城市水灾治理(1927—1937)  

Urban Flood Control in Jiangnan Region During the Republic of China (1927-1937)

作　　者：刘亮 LIU Liang(Ecological Governance Innovation and Research Center,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing,Jiangsu,China 210023)

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学生态治理创新研究中心,江苏南京211816

出　　处：《江南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第2期78-88,共11页Journal of Jiangnan University：Humanities & Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“南京国民政府时期长三角地区城市洪灾治理研究(1927—1937)”(18YJC770019);江苏省社会科学基金项目“民国时期太湖流域水利协同治理研究(1912—1937)”(20LSC006);南京工业大学专项研究项目“新中国成立以来长江水灾应急治理与基层社会反应研究(1949—1978)”。

摘　　要：1927—1937年在自然与社会因素共同作用下,江南地区城市水灾频发,为巩固统治基础,南京国民政府在民生与政治双重需求下开始治理。与以往历史时期相比,政府在城市水灾防治中开始占据主导地位,强化灾前监测预警、注重灾中抢险、重视日常防治。这种官办治理模式,在城市河道上下游跨行政区统筹治理及水灾应急治理方面效果较为突出。但是,由于经费支绌、官民冲突、交通结构变迁压缩水利发展、城市内部行政区划调整迟滞水灾治理等因素,治理效果难言乐观。这暴露出“十年建设”时期南京国民政府专项治理能力不足。因此,对于南京国民政府治水绩效评价不宜过高。From 1927 to 1937,under a combination of natural and social factors,urban floods frequently occurred in the Jiangnan region.In order to consolidate the foundation of governance,the Nanjing National Government began to govern under the dual consideration of people's livelihood and politics.Compared to previous historical periods,the government has begun to occupy a leading position in urban flood prevention and control by strengthening pre-disaster monitoring and early warning,focusing on disaster rescue,and paying attention to daily prevention and control.This government-run governance model has achieved outstanding results in the integrated across administrative regions management of urban river upstream and downstream courses and in the emergency management of flood disasters.However,due to factors such as insufficient funding,conflicts between officials and the public,changes in transportation structure that have compressed water conservancy development,and delayed adjustment of urban internal administrative divisions,the governance effect is far from optimistic.This exposed the lack of special governance capacity of the Nanjing National Government during the "ten year construction" period.Therefore,the evaluation of the water control performance of the Nanjing National Government should not be too high.

关 键 词：南京国民政府 江南城市 水灾 治理绩效 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学]