玉米秸秆还田与氮肥运筹对砂姜黑土理化性质和小麦产量的影响  

Effects of Maize Straw Returning and Nitrogen Application on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Wheat Yield

作　　者：徐召文 胡宏祥[1] 李录久[2] 李洁 高杰军 王璇 姚殿立 XU Zhaowen;HU Hongxiang;LI lujiu;LI Jie;GAO Jiejun;WANG Xuan;YAO Dianli(School of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China;Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei 230031,China;The Extension Center of Agricultural Technology at Linquan County,Linquan 236400,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,安徽合肥230036 [2]安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,安徽合肥230031 [3]安徽省临泉县农业技术推广中心,安徽临泉236400

出　　处：《皖西学院学报》2023年第2期84-89,共6页Journal of West Anhui University

基　　金：国家重大研发专项(2018YFD0200505);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD05B02);安徽省秸秆和畜禽养殖废弃物综合利用产业技术体系(2021—2015)。

摘　　要：为研究不同氮肥基追比例运筹下玉米秸秆直接还田对砂姜黑土理化性质和小麦产量的影响,为确定当地适宜耕作和秸秆还田模式提供理论依据,采用两因素裂区试验,因素一为玉米秸秆(S)直接还田(5000kg/hm^(2))和玉米秸秆不还田;因素二为氮肥基肥-分蘖肥-穗肥施用比例。设3种基肥:分蘖肥:穗肥比例(70-30-0、60-30-10和50-30-20),共6个处理,分别为N_(70-30-0)、N_(70-30-0)+S、N_(60-30-10)、N_(60-30-10)+S、N_(50-30-20)和N_(50-30-20)+S。小麦收获后采集0~20cm代表性土壤样品分析理化性状,包括含水率、pH、有机质、氮磷钾养分含量,测定小麦株高、穗长、穗粒数、千粒重、籽粒产量。结果显示,与不还田相比,3种氮肥运筹下玉米秸秆还田后土壤pH降低,土壤含水率、有机质、有效磷、速效钾含量明显提高;各处理小麦籽粒产量各不相同,N_(50-30-20)+S处理小麦籽粒产量最高;相关性分析表明小麦产量与穗粒数(r=0.837)和结实率(r=0.885)呈5%显著正相关,秸秆还田结合适宜氮肥运筹促进小麦穗粒数和结实率提高,从而提高了小麦籽粒产量。因此,综合小麦产量、秸秆还田后土壤理化性状,小麦基肥-分蘖肥-穗肥施用比例50-30-20运筹方式下,配合实施与玉米秸秆直接还田,能有效改良土壤理化性质,提高小麦产量。The effects of maize straw direct returning on the physical and chemical properties of lime concretion black soil and wheat yield under different nitrogen application ratios were studied to provide a theoretical basis for determining the local suitable tillage and straw returning mode.A two-factor split zone test was adopted,and factor 1 was direct return of wheat straw(S)to the field(5000 kg/hm^(2))and wheat straw not returned to the field.The second factor is the ratio of nitrogen-based fertilizer-tiller fertilizer-ear fertilizer.Set 3 types of base fertilizer,tiller fertilizer,ear fertilizer ratio(70-30-0,60-30-10,and 50-30-20)for a total of 6 treatments,N_(70-30-0),N_(70-30-0)+S,N_(60-30-10),N_(60-30-10)+S,N_(50-30-20),and N_(50-30-20)+S.At the wheat harvest period,0~20 cm representative soil samples were collected to analyze the physical and chemical properties,including moisture content,pH,organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrient content,and determine the plant height,ear length,ear number,1,000 grain weight and grain yield of wheat.Compared with no returning,the soil pH decreased,and the soil moisture content,organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium content increased significantly after maize straw returning under three nitrogen fertilizer managements.The grain yield of wheat was different in each treatment,and the grain yield of wheat was the highest in N_(50-30-20)+S treatment.Correlation analysis showed that wheat yield was significantly positively correlated with grain number per spike(r=0.837)and seed setting rate(r=0.885).Straw returning combined with nitrogen fertilizer management promoted grain number per spike and seed setting rate of wheat to increase wheat grain yield.Comprehensive wheat yield,soil nutrient status and physical properties after straw return,wheat base fertilizer-tiller fertilizer-ear fertilizer application ratio 50-30-20 Under the operation research mode,the implementation of direct return with corn straw can effectively improve soil physical a

关 键 词：砂姜黑土 玉米秸秆还田 氮肥运筹 土壤肥力 小麦产量 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]