龙门加工中心定转子驱动机械主轴结构设计  

Design of Spindle Structure for Stator and Rotor Driving Mechanical Spindle in Gantry Machining Center

作　　者：席志远 邱自学[1] 崔德友 陈正源 XI Zhi-yuan;QIU Zi-xue;CUI De-you;CHEN Zheng-yuan(School of Mechanical Engineering,Nantong University,Jiangsu Nantong 226019,China;Nantong Guosheng Intelligent Technology Group Co.,Ltd.,Jiangsu Nantong 226003,China)

机构地区：[1]南通大学机械工程学院,江苏南通226019 [2]南通国盛智能科技集团股份有限公司,江苏南通226003

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2023年第5期54-58,共5页Machinery Design & Manufacture

基　　金：五轴联动龙门加工中心关键技术研究开发(2019320602000151)。

摘　　要：针对现有的龙门加工中心机械主轴存在的转速低、振动噪声大和散热不良的缺点,设计了一种由定转子驱动的机械主轴单元。该定转子单元类似电主轴,外部采用冷却套,并在主轴中心出水,有利于降低温升,带走定转子的热量;轴承采用油脂润滑的方式,不需要任何附加装置和特别维护,降低了成本;机械主轴采用液压打刀缸和碟簧实现拉松刀,轴端采用迷宫密封和气密封相结合的形式,防止切削液和杂质进入轴承内部引起轴承振动或烧伤;联轴器采用碳纤维材料,并在联轴器中间设计连接水管用于中心出水,既降低了两轴偏移引起的附加载荷,又降低了加工时产生的局部高温,延长刀具寿命。测试结果表明,该主轴克服了皮带式主轴在转速高时振动大和直联式机械主轴温升大的缺点,降低了主轴由于高速旋转产生的噪声和振动,提高了主轴的加工精度和稳定性。In view of the shortcomings of the existing gantry machining center mechanical spindle,such as low speed,high vibration and noise and poor heat dissipation,a mechanical spindle unit driven by stator and rotor is designed.The stator and rotor unit is similar to motorized spindle.The cooling sleeve is used outside and the water is discharged from the center of the spindle,which is beneficial to reduce the temperature rise and take away the heat of the stator and rotor;The bearings are grease lubricated and do not require any additional devices or special maintenance,which reduces the cost;The mechanical spindle adopts the hydraulic punching cylinder and disc spring to realize broach and loosening,and the spindle end adopts the combination of labyrinth seal and air seal to prevent the cutting fluid and impurities from entering into the bearing and causing bearing vibration or burn;The coupling is made of carbon fiber,and the connecting water pipe is designed in the middle of the coupling for central water outlet,which not only reduces the additional load caused by the offset of the two shafts,but also reduces the local high temperature produced during machining and prolongs the tool life.The test results show that the spindle overcomes the disadvantages of high vibration of belt spindle at high speed and large temperature rise of direct mechanical spindle,reduces the noise and vibration of spindle due to high speed rotation,and improves the processing accuracy and stability of the spindle.

关 键 词：龙门加工中心 定转子 机械主轴 碳纤维联轴器 结构设计 

分 类 号：TH12[机械工程—机械设计及理论] TG502[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]