放牧对大熊猫栖息地竹林及林下土壤性质影响  

Effects of Grazing on the Bamboo Forest and Soil Properties under the Forest in Giant Panda Habitat

作　　者：曾颖 陈明华 曲比石布 曾进科 龚亿华 黄尤优[1,2] 张泽钧 韦伟[1,2] ZENG Ying;CHEN Minghua;Qubishibu;ZENG Jinke;GONG Yihua;HUANG Youyou;ZHANG Zejun;WEI Wei(Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation of the Ministry of Education,Nanchong Sichuan 637009,China;Liziping Giant Panda’s Ecology and Conservation Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province,Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province,Chengdu Sichuan 610020,China;Sichuan Meigu Dafengding National Nature Reserve Administration,Meigu Sichuan 616450,China)

机构地区：[1]西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室,四川南充637009 [2]栗子坪大熊猫生态与保护四川省野外科学观测研究站,四川成都610020 [3]四川美姑大风顶国家级自然保护区管理局,四川美姑616450

出　　处：《四川林业科技》2023年第2期44-50,共7页Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31801996,32070524,41901224)。

摘　　要：人类活动的影响,导致了物种栖息地的急剧丧失和破碎化。大熊猫是生物多样性保护的旗舰种,受到人类干扰的严重威胁。全国第四次大熊猫调查结果显示,放牧成为大熊猫栖息地最严重的的人类干扰因子。探究放牧对栖息地影响的内在机制和科学管控措施也成为了近年来大熊猫生态学研究的热点。本项目于2022年4–6月在美姑自然保护区放牧最严重的区域,采用野外实地调查并结合微观分析相结合的方法,精确评估放牧家畜对大熊猫主食竹及林下栖息地土壤质量的影响。研究发现,牲畜利用的样方中竹子株高和基径都比大熊猫利用样方中低,并且枯死竹数量更高;放牧会增加林下土壤的容重和酸碱度,降低土壤水分含量,可能是造成竹子的枯死原因之一。研究结果有助于制定合理的保护管理策略,为解决大熊猫栖息地内严重的放牧问题提供科学依据。Due to the impact of human activities,the habitat of species is rapidly lost and fragmented.Giant panda is the flagship species of biodiversity protection,which is seriously threatened by human interference.According to the fourth national giant panda survey results,grazing has become the most serious human disturbance factor in the giant panda habitat lost.In recent years,exploring the internal mechanism and scientific control measures of grazing on the habitat has also become a hot spot in the ecological research of giant pandas.This project was conducted from April to June 2022 in Meigu Dafengding National Nature Reserve,in the most severely grazed area,and the method of field investigation and microbial analysis was adopted to accurately assess the impact of grazing livestock on the soil quality of giant panda's staple food bamboo and forest habitat.The results showed that the height and diameter of bamboo in the quadrat used by livestock were lower than those in the quadrat used by giant pandas,and the number of dead bamboo was higher.Grazing increased the bulk density and pH of the soil under the forest,and reduced the soil moisture content,which may be one of the reasons for the death of bamboo.The research results are helpful to formulate reasonable protection and management strategies and provide scientific basis for solving the serious grazing problems in the giant panda habitat.oblems in the giant panda habitat.

关 键 词：大熊猫 放牧家畜 土壤性质 美姑大风顶国家级自然保护区 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学]