机车车辆驾驶人员血压分布及关联性分析  

Blood Pressure Distribution and Correlation Analysis of Rolling Stock Drivers

作　　者：刘光奇 丁金焕 黄慧隆 黄晓瑞 郭海峰 孔宪会 马世伟 LIU Guangqi;DING Jinhuan;HUANG Huilong;HUANG Xiaorui;GUO Haifeng;KONG Xianhui;MA Shiwei(Energy Saving&Environmental Protection&Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100081,China;Jinan Railway Disease Prevention and Control Institute,China Railway Jinan Bureau Group Co.,Ltd.,Jinan Shandong 250031,China;Department of Labor&Health,China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100844,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司节能环保劳卫研究所,北京100081 [2]中国铁路济南局集团有限公司济南铁路疾病预防控制中心,山东济南250031 [3]中国国家铁路集团有限公司劳动和卫生部,北京100844

出　　处：《铁路节能环保与安全卫生》2023年第2期43-48,共6页Railway Energy Saving & Environmental Protection & Occupational Safety and Health

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划课题(N2021Z003)。

摘　　要：分析机车车辆驾驶人员的血压分布情况,探讨驾驶人员血压随年龄变化趋势。收集某企业2017—2021年17706名机车车辆驾驶员的健康检查数据,采用广义估计方程分别计算不同类型和年龄组驾驶人员的血压年变化情况。结果显示,2017—2021年机车车辆驾驶人员的健康检查中符合高血压(≥140/90 mm Hg)区间为4794人(27.1%),满足Ⅱ类正常高值血压((130~139)mmHg/(80~89)mmHg)标准有7619人(43.0%)。在不同血压分类人群中年龄结构和机车车辆驾驶人员类型差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。广义估计方程分析显示,40~49岁年龄组快速机车驾驶人员的收缩压和舒张压年增长幅度最高,≥50岁年龄组一般机车驾驶人员收缩压年增长幅度高于其他年龄组,为0.92 mmHg(χ^(2)=23.34,P<0.05)。进而提出青年机车车辆驾驶人员正常高值血压负担较重,应给予重点关注,并加强≥50岁机车车辆驾驶人员血压的日常监测和风险防范等建议。The blood pressure distribution of rolling stock drivers was analyzed,and the trend of blood pressure with age was explored.The health examination data of 17706 rolling stock drivers from 2017 to 2021 were collected.Generalized estimating equation model was used to calculate the annual changes in blood pressure of different types and age groups of drivers.The results showed that among 17706 rolling stock drivers,a total of 4794(27.1%)drivers suffered from hypertension(≥140/90 mmHg),and 7619(43.0%)drivers met the standard of ClassⅡhigh-normal blood pressure((130~139)mmHg/(80~89)mmHg).There were significant differences in age and driver type distribution among different blood pressure groups(all P<0.05).Generalized estimating equation model showed that the annual increase of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of high-speed drivers in the 40~49 age group were the highest.The annual increase of systolic blood pressure of normal-speed drivers in age group over 50 was higher than that of other age groups(0.92 mmHg/year,χ^(2)=23.34,P<0.05).Furthermore,it is suggested that the burden of high-normal blood pressure of young rolling stock drivers is heavy,which should be paid more attention to,and the daily monitoring and risk prevention of blood pressure of rolling stock drivers aged over 50 years old should be strengthened.

关 键 词：机车车辆驾驶人员 血压 广义估计方程 

分 类 号：R544.1[医药卫生—心血管疾病]