水稻高温热害模型研究及其在福建省的应用  

Research on Simulation Model of High Temperature Stress on Rice and Its Application in Fujian Province

作　　者：林聃 江敏 苗波 郭萌 石春林[2] LIN Dan;JIANG Min;MIAO Bo;GUO Meng;SHI Chunlin(Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics,Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops,College of Agronomy,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;Institute of Agricultural Information,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学农学院/作物遗传育种与综合利用教育部重点实验室,福州350002 [2]江苏省农业科学院农业信息研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2023年第3期307-320,共14页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：福建省社会发展引导性项目(2020Y0018);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31671574);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金资助项目[CX(21)1006]。

摘　　要：【目的】通过研究高温对水稻产量形成的影响,构建水稻高温热害模型,旨在提高水稻高温热害的防御和灾损评估水平。【方法】选用福建省种植的4个代表性品种,分别于早稻开花期和灌浆期、中稻减数分裂期和开花期,设置不同温度水平T_(1)(35℃)、T_(2)(41℃)和高温胁迫持续天数D1(3 d)、D_(2)(7 d),以适宜环境条件为对照(CK),分析不同处理下水稻产量及其构成因素的变化,并据此构建高温热害对水稻产量影响的综合模型。根据近20年气象资料,利用模型对福建省四个水稻种植样点的产量进行灾损评估。【结果】早稻在开花期T_(2)D_(2)高温处理时,单株产量降幅最大,为60.8%;两个品种的结实率降幅在T_(2)D_(2)处理下可达60%。灌浆期高温对早稻单株产量影响较小,T_(2)D_(2)处理下为17.8%,两个品种结实率和千粒重降幅最大值分别为11.6%和9.0%。中稻两个品种受减数分裂期高温影响后,在T_(2)D_(2)处理下的单株产量降幅最大可达43.6%,每穗粒数下降为17.4%,结实率所受影响明显大于千粒重,降幅分别为30.8%和9.8%。中稻开花期T_(2)D_(2)高温处理对产量影响最大,单株产量降幅可达42.1%,结实率和千粒重受高温影响后降幅最大分别为37.0%和5.7%。根据项目组研发的水稻发育期模型和本研究结果确定了4个供试品种的遗传参数,构建了水稻关键发育期的高温累积度时和高温处理后灾损率之间的定量关系,进而分别构建了早稻和中稻的高温热害模型。对4个水稻种植样点进行灾损模拟,发现各地损失率和气象产量的时间变化规律正好相反,且中稻较早稻遭受高温危害更为严重。【结论】早稻开花期高温热害对水稻产量的影响大于灌浆期,中稻减数分裂期高温热害的影响比开花期严重。通过本研究确定的4个供试品种的遗传参数在代表性样点对生育期的模拟效果较好。构建的早稻和中稻高温热害�【Objective】By studying the effects of high temperature on rice yield formation,a simulation model of rice high temperature stress was developed,aiming to improve the prevention and disaster damage assessment level in rice under high temperature stress.【Method】In this experiment,four representative varieties planted in Fujian Province were selected,the temperature treatments T_(1)(35℃),T_(2)(41℃)and the duration of high temperature stress D1(3 days)and D_(2)(7 days)were set respectively at flowering stage and grain-filling stage of early rice,and during meiosis stage and flowering stage of middle rice,while the suitable environmental conditions were used as the control(CK)to analyze the changes of rice yield and its constituent factors under different stress treatments.A comprehensive simulation model for the effects of high temperature stress on rice yield was established.Based on the historical climatic data of the past 20 years,the model was used to assess yield loss caused by disaster at four rice planting sites in Fujian Province.【Results】The yield per plant of early rice suffer a severest loss of 60.8%as affected by T_(2)D_(2) treatment at the flowering stage.The seed setting rate of the two cultivars decreased by about 60%under T_(2)D_(2) treatment.High temperature at the grain-filling stage had the lowest impact on the yield per plant of early rice,which was 17.8%under T_(2)D_(2) treatment.The seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight of the two varieties had a maximum decrease of 11.6%and 9.0%,respectively.After being affected by high temperature at the meiosis stage,the yield per plant of middle rice decreased up to 43.6%,and the number of grains per panicle decreased by 17.4%under T_(2)D_(2) treatment.The effect on seed setting rate was significantly greater than that of 1000-grain weight,with decreases of 30.8%and 9.8%,respectively.High temperature T_(2)D_(2) treatment had the greatest effect on rice yield at flowering stage,and the yield per plant decreased by 42.1%,while the seed settin

关 键 词：水稻 关键发育期 高温热害 产量损失率 模型 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S428