水稻田糠稷种子萌发和出苗特性及化学防除药剂筛选  

Seed Germination,Seedling Emergence Characteristics and Response of Panicum bisulcatum to Pre-and Post-emergence Herbicides in Paddy Field

作　　者：郑承梅 孙金秋 刘梦杰 杨永杰[1] 陆永良[1] 郭怡卿[2] 唐伟[1] ZHENG Chengmei;SUN Jinqiu;LIU Mengjie;YANG Yongjie;LU Yongliang;GUO Yiqing;TANG Wei(State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding,China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou 311401,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所水稻生物育种全国重点实验室,杭州311401 [2]云南农业大学植物保护学院,昆明650201

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2023年第3期321-328,共8页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：浙江省基础公益研究计划资助项目(LGN21C140003);浙江省“三农九方”科技协作计划资助项目(2022SNJF00301);财政部-农业农村部基本科研业务费项目(CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202124)。

摘　　要：【目的】糠稷已成为我国局部水稻田主要恶性杂草之一。明确糠稷的种子萌发和出苗特性,探索化学防除技术具有重要意义。【方法】通过室内及温室试验,测定了温度、光照、盐和渗透胁迫、水层深度、土层深度对糠稷种子萌发及出苗的影响,并评估了水稻田常用苗前封闭和苗后茎叶除草剂对糠稷的防效。【结果】1)糠稷种子在20/10℃(昼/夜)~35/25℃温度范围萌发率均大于95%,且光照/黑暗交替处理的萌发率大于持续黑暗处理。糠稷萌发率随水势降低而下降,−0.35 MPa的水势对其种子萌发的抑制率达50%。250 mmol/L NaCl处理后糠稷萌发率大于50%,表明其耐盐胁迫能力较强。2)糠稷仅能在0~0.5 cm土层深度萌发出苗,播种深度大于0.5 cm时未见其出苗。水层大于2 cm时糠稷幼苗无法长出水面。3)在田间推荐剂量下,丙草胺、丁草胺、噁草酮、丙炔噁草酮和双唑草腈苗前土壤喷雾对糠稷防效100%,氯氟吡啶酯、五氟磺草胺、双草醚、氰氟草酯、噁唑酰草胺和精噁唑禾草灵可防除95%以上2~4叶期糠稷,在糠稷6叶期时选用噁唑酰草胺和精噁唑禾草灵,防治效果亦可达到90%以上。【结论】明确了环境因子对糠稷种子萌发和出苗的影响及稻田除草剂对该杂草防除效果,表明通过耕作将糠稷种子带入深土层,在幼苗早期保持水层,根据其不同叶龄选择适宜除草剂,可有效治理水稻田糠稷。【Objective】Panicum bisulcatum is an annual grass weed widely distributed in China and is becoming increasingly problematic in paddy fields in some regions.This research aims to investigate the seed germination and seedling emergence characteristics and screen effective herbicides for control of this weed.【Methods】Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effect of temperature,light,osmotic and salt stress,seed burial depth,flooding depth on seed germination and seedling emergence of P.bisulcatum and evaluate the response of this weed to commonly available pre-and post-emergence herbicides in rice.【Results】1)In the light/dark regime,the germination rate was greater than 95%under a wide temperature range of 20℃/10℃(day/night)to 35℃/25℃and significantly higher in alternate light/dark conditions as compared with that in continuous dark.The osmotic potential required for 50%inhibition of maximum germination was﹘0.35 MPa.P.bisulcatum is moderately tolerant to salt stress with germination rates greater than 50%at NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 250 mmol/L.2)Seedling emergence only occurred at seed burial depths of 0 and 0.5 cm,with 78%and 18%emergence rates,respectively.Seeds can germinate and seedlings grow out of water at flooding depth of 2cm,and no germinated seeds reached water surface at flooding depth over 2cm.3)Application of pre-emergence herbicides pretilachlor,butachlor,oxadiazon,oxadiargyl and pyraclonil provided 100%control effectiveness of P.bisulcatum at their recommended field rates.Florpyrauxifen-benzyl,penoxsulam,bispyribac-sodium,cyhalofop-butyl,metamifop and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl provided greater than 95%control of P.bisulcatum at the 2-to 4-leaf stages,however,only metamifop and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl provided greater than 90%control of P.bisulcatum at the 6-leaf stage.【Conclusion】The results contribute to an insight into the germination and emergence of P.bisulcatum,and illustrate the role of seed burial by tillage,flooding,and herbicide screenin

关 键 词：糠稷 种子萌发 出苗 除草剂筛选 水稻 

分 类 号：S451.21[农业科学—植物保护]