西沙群岛植物资源物种组成及药用植物多样性研究  

Species Composition of Plant Resources and Diversity of Medicinal Plants in Xisha Islands of South China Sea

作　　者：康勇 郑希龙[1] 魏建和[1,2] 李榕涛 李伟杰[1] 邓开丽 符丽 杨海建 杨新全[1,3] KANG Yong;ZHENG Xi-long;WEI Jian-he;LI Rong-tao;LI Wei-jie;DENG Kai-li;FU Li;YANG Hai-jian;YANG Xin-quan(Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine,Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Haikou 570311,China;Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine/Ministry of Education&National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials/Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193,China;State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所海南分所/海南省南药资源保护与开发重点实验室,海南海口570311 [2]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所/中草药物质基础与资源利用教育部重点实验室/濒危药材繁育国家工程实验室,北京100193 [3]道地药材国家重点实验室,北京100700

出　　处：《中国现代中药》2023年第3期462-470,共9页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目(2021-I2M-1-032);国家中医药公共卫生服务补助专项(财社〔2017〕66号);海南省自然科学基金项目(322MS144)。

摘　　要：目的:全面掌握西沙群岛主要岛礁的植物资源物种组成及药用植物多样性。方法:根据第四次全国中药资源普查的调查方法,选择样方和普遍调查相结合开展了西沙群岛18个岛礁的普查工作,收集野生和栽培药用植物资源的标本、分子样品并引种种植特色海岛植株。结果:合计调查到植物物种159种,重要的药用植物资源有68种。普遍调查发现,西沙群岛18个岛礁的植物资源分布存在差异,晋卿岛(71种)、东岛(62种)和赵述岛(66种)的植物资源物种数较多,而盘石屿和全富岛未发现有植物分布;依据样方套的方法得出药用植物资源物种累计较多的主要分布在晋卿岛(45种)、甘泉岛(35种)和东岛(51种);74个样方套的均匀度(Pielou)指数为0~1.00、香农-威纳(Shannon-Wiener)指数为0~1.50、辛普森(Simpson)指数为0~0.75、逆辛普森(Inverse Simpson)指数为1.00~4.00。结论:西沙群岛18个岛礁的生态系统脆弱,原生物种种类单一且容易灭绝,本次调查有助于了解西沙群岛主要岛屿的植物资源分布状况和药用植物多样性,为三沙市药用植物资源的合理利用和保护提供基础性科学资料。Objective:To fully reveal the plant species composition and medicinal plant diversity of the Xisha Islands.Methods:According to the methods of the Fourth National Survey of Chinese Materia Medica Resources,we carried out quadrat survey and general survey of 18 islands.The specimens and molecular samples of wild and cultivated medicinal plant resources were collected,and characteristic island plants were introduced and planted.Results:A total of 159 plant species and 68 important medicinal plant species were identified.The general survey showed that the distribution of plant resources varied in the 18 islands of Xisha Islands.Specifically,the plant species were rich in Jinqing Island(71species),East Island(62 species),and Zhaoshu Island(66 species),while no plant was discovered in Panshi Island or Quanfu Island.The quadrat survey showed that the medicinal plant resources were mainly distributed in Jinqing Island(45 species),Ganquan Island(35 species),and Dong Island(51 species).The ranges of Pielou index,Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index,and Inverse Simpson index in 74 quadrats were 0-1.00,0-1.50,0-0.75,and 1.00-4.00,respectively.Conclusion:The ecosystem of 18 islands in Xisha Islands is fragile,with simple species composition.This survey will help understand the distribution of plant resources and the diversity of medicinal plants in the main islands of the Xisha Islands,and provide scientific data for the rational utilization and protection of medicinal plant resources in Sansha.

关 键 词：西沙群岛 中药资源普查 植物资源 药用植物 多样性 

分 类 号：R282[医药卫生—中药学]