镍基高温合金的熔炼工艺研究进展  

Research Progress on the Melting Process of Nickel-based Superalloy

作　　者：杨浩 王方军 李采 吴畏 Yang Hao;Wang Fangjun;Li Cai;Wu Wei(Special Alloy Department of Chongqing Material Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 400707;National Engineering Research Center for Instrument Functional Materials,Chongqing 400707;Chongqing Key Laboratory of High-performance Corrosion-resistant Alloys,Chongqing 400707)

机构地区：[1]重庆材料研究院有限公司特种合金部,重庆400707 [2]国家仪表功能材料工程技术研究中心,重庆400707 [3]耐腐蚀合金重庆市重点实验室,重庆400707

出　　处：《特殊钢》2023年第3期1-9,共9页Special Steel

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFB3703000);中国机械工业集团有限公司重大科技专项(SINOMAST-ZDZX-2019-03)。

摘　　要：镍基高温合金的熔炼方法是合金质量的决定性因素,真空感应熔炼可有效控制合金锭中O、N、H等气体及有害杂质元素含量,精确控制合金成分。在此基础上,对合金进行重熔(电渣重熔及真空自耗重熔),可进一步降低合金中S、P等有害杂质含量,消除成分偏析及缩孔等缺陷,对凝固组织进行优化调控,从而实现大规格高质量合金锭的熔炼。本文综述了镍基高温合金的熔炼工艺进展,重点介绍了真空感应熔炼、电渣重熔、真空自耗重熔等常用熔炼技术的原理和特点,论述了“真空感应熔炼+保护气氛电渣重熔”、“真空感应熔炼+真空自耗重熔”双联工艺,以及“真空感应熔炼+保护气氛电渣重熔+真空自耗重熔”三联工艺在镍基高温合金熔炼方面的研究进展,并对镍基高温合金熔炼工艺的选择和发展方向提出建议。The melting method of nickel-based superalloy is the decisive factor related to the alloy quality.Vacuum induction melting can effectively control the content of O,N,H and other gases and harmful impurities in alloy ingots,and accurately control the alloy composition.On this basis,the remelting of alloy(electroslag remelting and vacuum arc remelting)can further reduce the content of S,P and other harmful impurities,eliminate the defects such as component segregation and shrinkage cavity,and optimize the control of the solidification structure,so as to achieve the melting of large size and high-quality alloy ingots.This paper reviews the progress of the melting process of nickel-based superalloy,and focuses on the principles and characteristics of common melting technologies including vacuum induction melting,electroslag remelting,and vacuum arc remelting.The research progress of"vacuum induction melting+protective atmosphere electroslag remelting","vacuum induction melting+vacuum arc remelting"duplex melting process and"vacuum induction melting+protective atmosphere electroslag remelting+vacuum arc remelting"triple melting process in nickel-based superalloy melting are discussed.Finally,some suggestions on the selection and development direction of nickel-based superalloy smelting process are propounded.

关 键 词：镍基高温合金 真空感应熔炼 电渣重熔 真空自耗重熔 双联工艺 三联工艺 

分 类 号：TF142[冶金工程—冶金物理化学] TG132.3[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]