南海西沙海域冬季海水重金属质量浓度水平及来源分析  

Investigating the contents and sources of heavy metals in winter season in the Xisha waters of South China Sea

作　　者：董汉英 苏娟 周声圳 梁少霞 陈观宇 王凡 DONG Hanying;SU Juan;ZHOU Shengzhen;LIANG Shaoxia;CHEN Guanyu;WANG Fan(School of Atmospheric Sciences,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 519082,China;PerkinElmer,Inc.,Guangzhou 510370,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai),Zhuhai 519082,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学大气科学学院,广东珠海519082 [2]珀金埃尔默企业管理(上海)有限公司,广东广州510370 [3]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海),广东珠海519082

出　　处：《热带海洋学报》2023年第2期169-177,共9页Journal of Tropical Oceanography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U21A6001);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402604)。

摘　　要：为开展南海西沙海域海水重金属质量浓度水平测定及来源分析,2021年12月采集了西沙海域6个站位的0~200m深度分层海水样品共24个。6个站位的温度、盐度、浊度、溶解氧、有色可溶性有机质和叶绿素的垂直剖面数据由盐温深测量系统现场测定。海水样品中的重金属质量浓度采用电感耦合等离子体–质谱仪进行测定,各站位Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Ni、Cr、As、Fe、Mn的质量浓度平均值范围分别为0.22~20.79μg·L^(-1)、未检出~0.25μg·L^(-1)、1.90~15.90μg·L^(-1)、0.13~0.17μg·L^(-1)、0.54~1.31μg·L^(-1)、0.29~0.33μg·L^(-1)、2.93~3.17μg·L^(-1)、0.39~1.23μg·L^(-1)、0.35~1.14μg·L^(-1);Hg在各站位均未检出。仅有D2~D4站位的5m层海水中Cu或Zn浓度超过国家海水水质一类标准(GB 3097-1997),重金属的水平和垂向空间分布特征受陆源输送、环境因子和人类活动等影响。主成分分析结果表明西沙海域海水中重金属主要存在3类来源:船舶排放、陆源农业径流、陆源碎屑和工业生产排放。文章中的海水重金属质量浓度基本在南海海域前人报道值范围内,但表层海水中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd质量浓度与1998年南海海域背景值比较有数量级的升高,可能反映了近年来区域日益增强的人类活动的影响。In order to investigate the contents and sources of heavy metals in the Xisha waters in the South China Sea,24 seawater samples at six sites were collected in December of 2021.Vertical profiles of temperature,salinity,turbidity,dissolved oxygen,colored soluble organic matter and chlorophyll were determined by Conductivity-Temperature-Depth instrument.Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to measure the contents of heavy metals in seawater samples,and the average Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Ni,Cr,As,Fe and Mn contents were 0.22~20.79μg·L^(-1),n.d.(not detected)~0.25μg·L^(-1),1.90~15.90μg·L^(-1),0.13~0.17μg·L^(-1),0.54~1.31μg·L^(-1),0.29~0.33μg·L^(-1),2.93~3.17μg·L^(-1),0.39~1.23μg·L^(-1) and 0.35~1.14μg·L^(-1),respectively;Hg was not detected.Only Cu or Zn contents in 5m-depth seawater at D2~D4 sites exceeded Class I requirement of National Seawater Quality Standard(GB 3097-1997),and the spatial distribution of heavy metals was influenced by terrestrial inputs,environmental factors and human activities.Principal component analysis indicated that the heavy metals in the Xisha waters are mainly from three sources:ship emission,terrestrial agricultural runoff,as well as terrestrial debris and industrial inputs.The measurements in this study are generally within the range of heavy metal contents previously reported in the South China Sea.However,compared with the background values of the South China Sea in 1998,the contents of Cu,Pb,Zn and Cd in surface seawater have increased by one order of magnitude,reflecting the impact of recent intense human activities in this region.

关 键 词：重金属 船舶污染 西沙海域 来源分析 

分 类 号：P762.2[天文地球—海洋科学]