纺丝级中间相沥青制备技术研究进展  

Research Progress on Preparation of Spinnable Mesophase Pitch

作　　者：罗洋 郭广娟 王丽新 申海平 LUO Yang;GUO Guangjuan;WANG Lixin;SHEN Haiping(SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100083,China;Petrochemical Research Institute,CNPC,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]中石化石油化工科学研究院有限公司,北京100083 [2]中国石油石油化工研究院,北京102206

出　　处：《石油学报（石油加工）》2023年第3期703-712,共10页Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section)

基　　金：中国石化石油化工科学研究院竞争性课题(R20004)基金资助。

摘　　要：高性能沥青基碳纤维在高模量、高导热、高导电、高振动衰减和低热膨胀等方面拥有其他材料无可比拟的优势,成为航空航天、高端制造、热管理等领域中的理想材料。虽然中国在该领域的研发开展较早,但是产业化进程却较慢。其关键原料纺丝级中间相沥青量产技术仍未实现突破,严重制约国内相关产业的发展。系统地汇总了60年来纺丝级中间相沥青制备的研发进展,总结了纺丝级中间相沥青关键性质及其关联关系,分析了热缩聚法、共碳化法、催化缩聚法、交联合成法、添加剂改性法等制备技术的优缺点。热缩聚法工艺流程相对简单,但其沥青性能易受原料组成波动影响;催化缩聚法所制备中间相沥青的性能稳定优异,但其工艺存在一定的安全环保风险。针对目前的产业瓶颈问题提出了建议并进行展望,国内相关机构应加强催化缩聚法制备技术开发、中间相沥青构效关系研究、优化及稳定原料组成等方面的工作。High-performance pitch-based carbon fiber has incomparable advantages in terms of high modulus,high thermal conductivity,high electrical conductivity and low thermal expansion coefficient,which makes it an ideal material for aerospace,high-end manufacturing and thermal management.China engages in the research and development of high-performance pitch-based carbon fiber very early,but fails to achieve fast industrialization.At present,the mass production technology for spinnable mesophase pitch,a key raw material of high-performance pitch-based carbon fiber,has not yet achieved a breakthrough,which seriously restricts the development of related industries in China.This paper systematically summarizes the research and development progress of spinnable mesophase pitch in the past 60 years,as well as the key properties of spinnable mesophase pitch and the correlation between them,and then analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of classical preparation technologies for spinnable mesophase pitch such as thermal condensation polymerization,cocarbonization,catalytic condensation polymerization,synthetic cross-linking and additive modification.The technological process of thermal condensation polymerization is relatively simple,but the pitch performance is prone to be affected by the fluctuation of raw material compositions.The mesophase pitch prepared by catalytic condensation polymerization has stable and excellent performance,but there exist some safety and environmental risks in the technological process.In view of the industrial bottleneck problems,several suggestions and prospects were proposed.Related institutions should strengthen the development of catalytic condensation polymerization,the research on the structure-activity relationship of mesophase pitch,and the optimization and stabilization of raw material compositions.

关 键 词：中间相沥青 纺丝级 热缩聚 催化缩聚 交联合成 

分 类 号：TQ522.65[化学工程—煤化学工程]