季节性放牧对补播改良荒漠草原植物群落地上生物量及物种多样性的影响  

Effect of Seasonal Grazing on Plant Community Aboveground Biomass and Diversity in Reseeding Desert Steppe

作　　者：张飞 马玉荣 梁瑞泽 李豫悦 田海洋 杨鑫 ZHANG Fei;MA Yu-rong;LIANG Rui-ze(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏草牧业工程技术研究中心,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2023年第8期53-57,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宁夏农业科技自主创新资金农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范项目(NGSB-2021-14-06);宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(草学学科)项目(NXYLXK2017A01)。

摘　　要：放牧是影响天然草原植物生产力、群落组成与多样性的主要生物因子之一。以补播改良荒漠草原为研究对象,通过比较禁牧、夏季放牧和夏秋放牧处理对植物地上生物量、群落组成和多样性的变化,分析补播草地区域与原生植被区域对季节性放牧的响应。结果表明,夏秋放牧处理降低草原植物群落地上生物量与物种丰富度。补播草地区域,夏秋放牧显著降低优势植物蒙古冰草(Agropyron mongolicum)、达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza davurica)和沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens)地上生物量;夏季放牧对蒙古冰草(A.mongolicum)地上生物量无影响。原生植被区域,夏秋放牧降低蒙古冰草(A.mongolicum)地上生物量,2种处理对牛枝子(Lespedeza potaninii)地上生物量无显著影响。补播草地区域,家畜喜食蒙古冰草(A.mongolicum)、达乌里胡枝子(L.davurica)和沙打旺(A.adsurgens)。原生植被区域,放牧前期家畜喜食牛枝子(L.potaninii),放牧后期蒙古冰草(A.mongolicum)、牛枝子(L.potaninii)均被喜食。夏季放牧与夏秋放牧均降低补播草地达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza davurica)和沙打旺(A.adsurgens)地上生物量,不利于补播草地“上繁草”型豆科植物生长与维持。Grazing is one of the main biotic factors changing plant productivity,composition and diversity in natural grassland.This study taking the improvement of desert grasslands through supplementary seedingsowing as the research object,analyzed the aboveground biomass and diversity of plant community in response to no grazing,summer grazing,summer-autumn grazing,and compared the response of reseeding grassland zone and natural grassland zone to seasonal grazing.The results showed that summer-autumn grazing decreased the aboveground biomass and species richness of grassland plant community.In reseeding grassland zone,summer-autumn grazing significantly reduced the aboveground biomass of Agropyron mongolicum,Lespedeza davurica and Astragalus adsurgens;Summer grazing had no effect on the aboveground biomass of A.mongolicum.In natural grassland zone,summar-autumn grazing decreased the aboveground biomass of A.mongolicum,while the two treatments had no significant impact on the aboveground biomass of Lespedeza potaninii.In the reseeding grassland zone,livestock prefer to eat A.mongolicum,L.davurica,and A.adsurgens.In natural grassland zone,livestock prefer to eat L.potaninii during the early grazing period,while A.mongolicum and L.potaninii are both favored during the later grazing period.Both summer and summer-autumn grazing reduced the aboveground biomass of Lespedeza davurica and A.adsurgens,which was not conducive to the growth and maintenance of leguminous plants of the“aboveground breeding grass”type in the reseeding grassland.

关 键 词：豆科植物 补播 荒漠草原 植被特征 择食指数 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]