自发热好氧堆肥养分变化特征研究  

Study on the Nutrient Variation Characteristics of Self-heating Aerobic Composting

作　　者：白红梅 姜伟 陈淑慧 李亚杰 薛国萍 杜金伟 索全义[2] BAI Hong-mei;JIANG Wei;CHEN Shu-hui(Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010031;College of Grassland,Resources and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010011)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [2]内蒙古农业大学草原与环境资源学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010011 [3]内蒙古和林格尔新区建设管理咨询有限公司,内蒙古呼和浩特011500

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2023年第8期162-166,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：内蒙古农牧业科学院青年创新基金项目(2020QNJJN07);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2022YFDZ0058);农业重大技术协同推广计划项目。

摘　　要：[目的]研究羊粪自发热好氧堆肥中不同腐熟阶段的养分变化特征。[方法]通过堆肥的升温期(初始羊粪)、高温期、降温期和腐熟期为研究对象,探讨羊粪自发热好养堆肥4个不同腐熟阶段的温度、含水率、碳氮比(C/N)、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效磷、速效钾、pH、电导率的变化特征。[结果]羊粪自发热好氧堆肥时长43 d,升温期6 d, 55℃以上高温期18 d,降温期13 d,腐熟期6 d。随着堆肥的进程有机质分解,堆体的碳氮比(C/N)逐渐减少;碳氮比总降幅40.69%,升温期和降温期占比70.15%,腐熟期碳氮比19.49可以认为基本腐熟;有机质含量从80.45%减少到60.14%,降温时有机质含量下降速率最快为18.57%,腐熟期最慢为3.76%。全氮、全磷、全钾、速效磷、速效钾、pH随着堆肥的进程呈显著递增,其中降温期速效养分占全磷、全钾百分比最高。电导率随着堆肥的进程先降低后升高,电导率从大到小为腐熟期有机肥>降温期有机肥>未腐熟羊粪>高温期有机肥。[结论]自发热好氧堆肥能够使有机物进行生物降解和生物合成,趋于稳定;通过自发热好氧堆肥了解不同腐熟阶段的有机肥养分特征,旨在为不同腐熟阶段有机肥资源高效利用和土壤培肥提供基础参数。[Objective]To study the nutrient changes of sheep manure self-heating aerobic composting at different maturity stages.[Method]Taking the heating period(initial sheep manure),high temperature period,cooling period and maturity period of compost as the research object,to investigate the characteristics of temperature,water content,C/N ratio,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available phosphorus,available potassium,pH and electrical conductivity of sheep manure self-heating aerobic compost at four different maturity stages.[Result]Sheep manure self-heating aerobic composting lasted 43 days,6 days of heating period,18 days of high temperature period above 55℃,13 days of cooling period and 6 days of decomposing period.With the composting process,the organic matter decomposed and the C/N ratio decreased gradually;the total decrease of C/N ratio was 40.69%,and the proportion of heating period and cooling period was 70.15%;the C/N ratio of 19.49 in the cooling stage could be considered as basically mature.The organic matter content decreased from 80.45%to 60.14%,the decrease rate of organic matter content was the fastest 18.57%at cooling stage,and the slowest 3.76%at maturity stage.Total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available phosphorus,available potassium and pH increased significantly with the progress of composting,and the percentage of available nutrients in total phosphorus and total potassium was the highest in cooling stage.The electrical conductivity decreased first and then increased with the composting process,and the order of electrical conductivity from large to small was:decomposing period>cooling period>undecomposed period>high temperature period.[Conclusion]Self-heating aerobic composting can stabilize organic matter through biodegradation and biosynthesis;through self-heating aerobic composting to understand the nutrient characteristics of organic fertilizers at different stages of maturity,it aims to provide basic parameters for the efficient utilization of org

关 键 词：羊粪 自发热好氧堆肥 养分 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]