温度和光照周期对硬头鳟幼鱼生长、生理及行为的影响  

Effects of temperature and photoperiod on growth,physiology and behavior of juvenile steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

作　　者：张旭[1,2] 张佳 王婕 李海霞[1,3] 胡雨 马真 ZHANG Xu;ZHANG Jia;WANG Jie;LI Haixia;HU Yu;MA Zhen(Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture(Dalian Ocean University),Ministry of Education,Dalian 116023,China;College of Fisheries and Life Science,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;College of Marine Technology and Environment,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]设施渔业教育部重点实验室(大连海洋大学),辽宁大连116023 [2]大连海洋大学水产与生命学院,辽宁大连116023 [3]大连海洋大学海洋科技与环境学院,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2023年第2期251-258,共8页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：大连市科技创新基金(2021JJ13SN72);国家自然科学基金(32102753);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2021B0202030001)。

摘　　要：为确定硬头鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)幼鱼在养殖环境下的最佳温度和光照周期组合,基于生产上普遍使用的温度和光照周期,试验共设置4个处理组,分别为13℃&16L∶8D(T1)、16℃&16L∶8D(T2)、13℃&12L∶12D(T3)和16℃&12L∶12D(T4),幼鱼初始体质量为(8.0±0.5)g,在不同温度和光照周期组合条件下养殖40 d,测定不同条件下硬头鳟的生长性能、生理指标及行为表现。结果表明:试验结束时,T1组幼鱼的生长性能显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05),T4组幼鱼肝脏的SOD活性显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05),长光照组(T1、T2)幼鱼渗透压调节能力(NKA活性)显著高于自然光照组(T3、T4)(P<0.05);T1组幼鱼游泳运动能力显著低于其他处理组(P<0.05),当光照周期相同时,16℃处理组幼鱼集群指标(鱼到中心点的距离、鱼间的平均距离)显著低于13℃处理组(P<0.05);温度和光照周期对硬头鳟幼鱼的生长性能、生理指标和行为表现均存在显著的交互作用(P<0.05)。研究表明,与温度条件相比,延长光照时间更有助于提高硬头鳟幼鱼整体的生理调节能力,在淡水养殖阶段,13℃&16L∶8D的条件有助于提高硬头鳟幼鱼的生长和渗透压调节能力,减少幼鱼的自发性活动并增强其集群性。To determine the optimal combinations of temperature and photoperiod conditions for steelhead trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) culture,the steelhead trout juveniles with initial body weight of(8.0±0.5)g was reared in a barrel with effective water body of 250 L under different combinations of temperature and photoperiod,i.e.,13 ℃ 16L∶8D(T1),16 ℃ 16L∶8D(T2),13 ℃ 12L∶12D(T3) and 16 ℃ 12L∶12D(T4),based on the temperature and photoperiod conditions commonly used in production for 40 d.The results showed there was significantly higher growth performance in the fish in T1 group than that in the other roups(P0.05).The fish in T4 group had significantly greater activity of antioxidant enzyme SOD(superoxide dismutase) than the fish in other groups did(P0.05).The significantly higher osmotic pressure regulation ability(NKA enzyme activity) was found in the juveniles in long photoperiod groups(T1,T2) than that in the short photoperiod groups(T3,T4)(P0.05).The fish in T1 group had significantly lower swimming motility than that the fish in the other groups did(P0.05).The cluster index(distance from the fish to the centre,average distance between fish) in the 16 ℃ groups was significantly lower than that in the 13 ℃ groups at the same photoperiod(P0.05).There was significant interactive effect of temperature and photoperiod on the growth performance,physiological indices and behavioural performance of the juvenile steelhead trout(P0.05).It was found that prolonged photoperiod was more favorable for improving the performance of juveniles compared to temperature.The conditions of 13 ℃ 16L∶8D led to improving the growth performance and osmotic pressure regulation of juveniles,reducing spontaneous activity and enhancing clustering.

关 键 词：硬头鳟 温度 光照 交互作用 生长性能 行为 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]