低鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、肠道形态和免疫反应的影响  

Effects of dietary phytase on growth performance,intestinal morphology,immune response of Pacific white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) fed diets containing low fish meal

作　　者：龚舜莲 冯森儿 张昕晨 谢诗玮 GONG Shunlian;FENG Sen'er;ZHANG Xinchen;XIE Shiwei(Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed,College of Fisheries,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,China)

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学水产学院水产动物营养与饲料实验室,广东湛江524088

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2023年第2期259-266,共8页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”项目(2019YFD0900200);国家自然科学基金(32002402);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2019A1515011970,2021A1515010428)。

摘　　要：为研究低鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长性能和免疫机能的影响,取平均体质量为0.43 g的健康虾苗360尾进行试验,将虾苗随机分成3个组,每组设置4个重复,分别投喂高鱼粉饲料(HF,鱼粉质量分数为25%,对照组)、低鱼粉饲料(LF,以植物蛋白为基础的混合蛋白替代15%的鱼粉蛋白)和添加质量分数为0.02%植酸酶(5 000 U/g)的低鱼粉饲料(LFP),养殖试验共进行8周,试验结束后测定对虾的生长性能、抗氧化能力、肠道形态及非特异性免疫指标。结果表明:LF组对虾的各项生长指标最差,低鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶后,LFP组对虾的增重率、特定生长率、饲料效率和消化率均显著提高(P<0.05),存活率也有所提升;LF组的肠道皱襞高度和肌层厚度最低(P<0.05),添加植酸酶后这两个指标显著提升(P<0.05),并接近或达到高鱼粉组水平(P>0.05);LF组肝胰腺中的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量显著降低(P<0.05),低鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶后这两个指标有所提升并接近高鱼粉组水平(P>0.05);低鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶后,对虾肝胰腺糜蛋白酶基因chymotrypsin表达水平显著提高(P<0.05)。研究表明,本试验条件下,在以植物蛋白源为基础的低鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶,能够显著提高凡纳滨对虾对营养物质的利用率,增强对虾抗氧化能力和非特异性免疫能力,在一定程度上缓解低鱼粉饲料对肠道的损伤,进而提高凡纳滨对虾生长性能和饲料利用率。In order to investigate the effects of phytase addition to low fishmeal diets on growth performance,and immune function of Pacific white leg shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei),juvenile Pacific white leg shrimp with average body weight of 0.43 g was reared in 1000 L tanks and fed the diets containing 25% fishmeal diet(high fishmeal control group,HF group),replacing 15% fish meal protein with mixed proteins sucks as soy protein concentrate and blood powder(low fish meal,LF group),and low fish meal supplemented with 0.02% phytase(5 000 U/g)(LFP group) with 4 repeats at water temperature from 26 ℃ to 30 ℃ for 8 weeks.The growth performance,antioxidant capacity,intestinal morphology and non-specific immune indices of the shrimp were measured at the ending of the feeding trial.The results showed that there were the worst growth indices in the LF group.In the low fish meal diet supplemented with phytase,however,the weight gain rate,specific growth rate and digestibility were significantly increased in the LFP group(P0.05),and the survival rate was also improved.The lowest height of intestinal fold and the thickness of several layers were observed in LF group,and these two indices were shown to be significantly increased,close to or reached the level in control group,in the LFP group(P0.05).The shrimp in HF group had significant decrease in activity of catalase(CAT) and the content of glutathione(GSH) in the hepatopancreas(P0.05),and increase in those indices,close to the level in the control group in LFP group(P0.05).There was significant increase in expression level of chymotrypsin mRNA in the hepatopancreas in LFP group(P0.05).The findings indicated that adding 0.02% phytase(5 000 U/g) to the low fishmeal feed based on plant protein source led to significantly improve the utilization rate of nutrients,enhance the anti-oxidation ability and non-specific immune ability of the shrimp,alleviate the intestinal damage of low fishmeal feed to a certain extent,and improve the growth performance and feed utilization rate of Paci

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 植酸酶 生长性能 消化率 抗氧化能力 

分 类 号：S963.73[农业科学—水产养殖]