社会投资与欧洲福利国家的新自由主义化  

Social Investment and the Neoliberalization of European Welfare State

作　　者：刘春荣[1] Liu Chunrong(School of International Relations and Public Afairs,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期140-148,共9页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“西方福利国家理论前沿追踪研究”(项目批准号:18BZZ045)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自20世纪90年代以来,欧洲福利国家被广泛地论述为一种社会投资国家。本文考察这一波改革的理论叙事与政策实践,检视福利国家调适的性质与影响。通过激活个体能力和自理责任以及开发劳动力市场的灵活性,社会投资政策致力于因应后工业社会的新社会风险,适应21世纪竞争性的知识经济形态。尽管与福利紧缩时期的改革形成了鲜明对比,但积极的社会投资并未能根治西方福利国家的内在结构矛盾,并不足以带来福利资本主义的范式变化。这一导向的改革政策触及资本主义政治经济制度内在的不平等、社会脆弱性和社会排斥问题,也强化了市场导向、效率至上和商品化的治理原则。改革在某种程度上产生了去政治化的功能,并促进了社会个体在生命历程中的再商品化,因而毋宁是新自由主义文化霸权的另一种表达。从理论上廓清这场改革的性质,也可以为中国福利治理的路径选择提供有意义的规范性反思。European welfare state has been widely rearticulated as a social investment state since the 1990s,posing a new debate on the future of welfare state.This article offers a critical review on this wave of reform and its policy narratives.It is suggested that social investment strategy has been deliberately crafted to help welfare state to manage new social risks associated with post-industrialization and the emerging competitive knowledge economy in the 21~(st)century.The policy package of labor market revitalization and capacity building for individuals addresses deep rooted issues of social inequality and exclusion.Despite remarkable variations on the ground and differences to the austerity approach,the social investment state is inadequate in addressing the structural contradictions of capitalist political economy and does not imply a paradigm shift of welfare capitalism.Paradoxically,by embracing market fundamentalism,it reproduces the hegemonic principles of neoliberalism while delivering a depoliticization of welfare state.Examining the nature of this reform will offer meaningful normative reflections for the evolving welfare governance in the Chinese context.

关 键 词：福利国家 社会投资 新自由主义 

分 类 号：D57[政治法律—政治学]