小气道在哮喘评估和管理中的作用研究  

Role of small airways in assessment and management of asthma

作　　者：魏冬雪 郭亚丽[2] 雷佳慧 祝贺 赵丽敏[2] WEI Dong-xue;GUO Ya-li;LEI Jia-hui;ZHU He;ZHAO Li-min(Peoples Hospital of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450000,China;Henan Provincial Peoples Hospital Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,Zhengzhou 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学人民医院,郑州450000 [2]河南省人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科,郑州450000

出　　处：《医药论坛杂志》2023年第5期110-112,F0003,共4页Journal of Medical Forum

基　　金：河南省中医药科学研究专项课题(20-21ZY1068);国家自然科学基金(U2004120)。

摘　　要：哮喘是一种慢性异质性呼吸道疾病,一秒用力呼气量和用力肺活量常用于评估较大气道的功能,而对小气道(远端气道,直径<2 mm)功能障碍的评估方法研究较少,又被称为沉默区。而最新研究表明,小气道并不是“沉默的”,小气道功能障碍和炎症对哮喘的临床影响显著,与大气道炎症相似,小气道炎症也可导致气道壁增厚、气道狭窄和高反应性,从而导致哮喘症状控制不良和发作频繁,小气道炎症已被证明与夜间哮喘患者的症状相关,也与轻度哮喘患者的哮喘控制试验评分相关。因此,评估小气道炎症和损伤的程度是指导哮喘患者用药及慢病管理的关键。本文主要综述小气道的结构特点和评估技术,以及小气道病变在哮喘治疗和管理中的价值。Asthma is a chronic heterogeneous respiratory disease.Forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity are commonly used to assess the function of larger airways.Small airways(distal airways,D<2mm)are also known as silent zones due to limited measurement and functional assessment techniques.The latest research suggests that small airway is not"silent",the small airway dysfunction and inflammation of asthma clinical effect significantly,similar to the atmosphere,inflammation,small airway inflammation can also lead to the airway wall thickening,airway stenosis,and high reactivity,frequently,resulting in poor control of asthma symptoms and attack small airway inflammation has been shown associated with asthma symptoms at night,Also associated with asthma control Test scores in patients with mild asthma.Therefore,evaluating the degree of inflammation and injury of small airway is the key to guide the medication and chronic disease management of asthma patients.This article mainly reviews the structural characteristics of small airway,assessment techniques,and the value of small airway lesions in the assessment and management of asthma,and timely targeting small airway in early asthma.

关 键 词：支气管哮喘 小气道 慢病管理 

分 类 号：R562.25[医药卫生—呼吸系统]