综放工作面沿空留巷“错动”变形破坏机制及其控制  

The“relative movement”deformation mechanism and control technique of gob-side entry retaining in top-coal caving mining

作　　者：杨鸿智 鞠文君[1,2] 王东攀 苏超[1,2] YANG Hongzhi;JU Wenjun;WANG Dongpan;SU Chao(Coal Mining Branch,China Coal Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China;CCTEG Coal Mining Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]煤炭科学研究总院开采研究分院,北京100013 [2]中煤科工开采研究院有限公司,北京100013

出　　处：《采矿与安全工程学报》2023年第2期224-231,共8页Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering

基　　金：中煤科工集团开采研究院科技创新基金项目(KCYJY-2022-MS-01)。

摘　　要：为了解决厚煤层大断面沿空留巷矿压显现强烈、维护困难、复用前修巷工程量大等问题,以晋城矿区唐安煤矿沿空留巷为工程背景,通过井下观测、理论分析和工程试验,分析综放沿空留巷围岩变形破坏特征和整体变形模式,提出针对性的围岩变形控制对策并在现场实施和验证。研究表明:综放沿空留巷变形主要表现为顶煤切顶下沉、巷旁支护劈裂歪斜、煤帮挤出和底鼓,不同位置围岩变形破坏呈现整体关联性;围岩变形整体呈现“错动”模式,对沿空留巷整体结构变形起控制作用的主要是回采空间顶板回转和向外侧移,以及底板在水平应力作用下向巷内挠曲,在顶、底、煤帮、巷旁支护综合作用下,形成趋向采空区的“错动”变形形态。基于留巷“错动”变形特征,提出沿空留巷围岩变形控制对策:巷旁混凝土墙支护采用薄墙体、高强度、预设迎山角的形式,巷内顶、帮补强支护,留巷“切顶控制”补强支护,超前工作面顶板区域水力预裂卸压。新技术方案现场试验和监测表明,回采后采空区顶板及时断裂,留巷应力环境明显改善,巷旁支护墙体完整,留巷围岩变形控制效果显著。In order to solve the problems such as strong mining pressure and large deformation of the surrounding rock or large amount of repair work in thick coal seam gob-side entry retaining,this research takes Tang’an coal mine in the Jincheng mining area as the engineering background,analyzes the defor-mation and damage characteristics of gob-side entry retaining,and proposes the control measures and corresponding technical solutions,by the method of underground observation,theoretical analysis and engineering test.Finally,the control measures are verified in the field.The research results show that the deformation of gob-side entry retaining is mainly manifested as the sinking of top coal,the splitting and skewing of roadside support,and the deformation of coal side and floor heave.The deformation and damage of the surrounding rock at different position shows an overall correlation.The deformation of the surrounding rock shows an overall“dislocation”mechanism.The deformation is mainly controlled by roof rotation and outward lateral movement,the inward deflection of the floor under horizontal stress.Under the combined action of the roof,floor,coal side,and roadside support,a“dislocation”deformationpattern towards the mining area is formed. Based on the“dislocation”deformation characteristics ofthe gob-side entry retaining,the following control measures are proposed,which mainly include thin andhigh strength concrete roadside support with pre-set angle,roof and coal side reinforcement support,thereinforcement support of retaining roadway “roof cutting control”,regional hydraulic pre-cracking topressure relief at the advance roof of the working face. Field tests and monitoring of the control measuresshow that the roof in the goaf is broken in time,the stress environment of the gob-side entry retaining isobviously improved,the roadside support is intact,and the effect of deformation control is remarkable.

关 键 词：综放沿空留巷 围岩破坏 支护卸压 变形控制 

分 类 号：TD353[矿业工程—矿井建设]