2013—2022年长沙市中小学生肺结核流行特征分析  

Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis among primary and secondary school students in Changsha City from 2013 to 2022

作　　者：宋丽新[1] 熊姿[1] 王孝君[1] 田斌[1] SONG Li-xin;XIONG Zi;WANG Xiao-jun;TIAN Bin(Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Changsha City,Changsha 410004,Hunan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙市疾病预防控制中心,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《热带病与寄生虫学》2023年第2期98-101,共4页Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金项目(2022JJ70049)。

摘　　要：目的分析长沙市中小学生肺结核病例报告情况,了解长沙市中小学生肺结核流行特征,为制定科学的干预措施提供依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统结核病管理信息系统收集2013—2022年长沙市中小学生肺结核病例信息,采用描述性研究对其三间分布特征进行分析。结果2013—2022年长沙市共报告中小学生肺结核病例1167例,年报告发病率为8.16/10万~13.99/10万,其中2013—2019年报告发病率呈上升趋势,2019—2022年报告发病率呈逐年下降趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=14.94、21.00,P均<0.05)。报告病例中,男生、女生分别为628例、539例,性别比为1.17∶1;报告病例数占比最高的为15~18岁年龄组(74.12%,865/1167)。时间分布上,报告病例数主要集中在3—4月和8—9月,分别占报告病例总数的22.19%(259/1167)和24.68%(288/1167)。地区分布上,报告病例数占比最高的为雨花区(15.77%,184/1167),年均发病率最高的是天心区(15.91/10万)。结论中小学生是长沙市学校结核病防控的重点人群之一,建议针对性地制定中小学校肺结核疫情防控措施。Objective To analyze the cases of pulmonary tuberculosis reported in primary and middle school students,and understand the epidemic characteristics of this infection in the primary and middle school campus in Changsha City for evidence to formulate corresponding intervention measures in scientific fashion.Methods The case information of pulmonary tuberculosis among primary and secondary school students in Changsha from 2013 to 2022 was obtained through the Tuberculosis Management Information System of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.Descriptive method was used to analyze the prevalence characteristics in terms of time,regional and population distribution.Results In total,1167 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported in primary and secondary school students in Changsha area from 2013 to 2022.The incidence reported annually was between 8.16 and 13.99 per 100000,and the incidence showed increase from 2013 to 2019,yet decrease from 2019 to 2022.The difference was significant(χ_(trend)^(2)=14.94,21.00,both P<0.05).In the reported cases,628 were males,and 539 females,with a sex ratio of 1.17∶1.The highest proportion of reported cases was seen in the age group of 15-18 years old(74.12%,865/1167).In terms of time distribution,the number of reported cases was mainly concentrated in between March and April,August and September,respectively accounting for 22.19%(259/1167)and 24.68%(288/1167)of the total reported cases.By regional distribution,Yuhua District had the highest proportion of reported cases(15.77%,184/1167),and the highest annual incidence was found in Tianxin District(15.91/100000).Conclusion Primary and middle school students are one of the key population in pulmonary tuberculosis prevention and control in Changsha City in recent years,for which the prevention and control policies should be formulated by targeting at this population group.

关 键 词：肺结核 中小学生 流行特征 长沙市 

分 类 号：R521[医药卫生—内科学] R183.3[医药卫生—临床医学]