建筑材料中聚氯乙烯复合材料的力学和声学性能分析  

Analysis of Mechanical and Acoustic Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride Composites in Building Materials

作　　者：张琴[1] 莫忧[2] 张利[1] ZHANG Qin;MO You;ZHANG Li(Guang'an Vocational and Technical College,Guang'an 638000,China;Sichuan Agricultural University,Dujiangyan 611830,China)

机构地区：[1]广安职业技术学院,四川广安638000 [2]四川农业大学,四川都江堰611830

出　　处：《塑料科技》2023年第4期68-72,共5页Plastics Science and Technology

摘　　要：以塑化聚氯乙烯(PVC)为基体,结合再生轮胎橡胶粉(GTR)和硅藻土DE、发泡剂AC,制备硬层PVC/GTR隔声材料、软层PVC/DE/AC吸声材料,利用热压法制备软硬层结构复合材料。结果表明:DE质量分数为20%,AC质量分数为3%时,软层PVC/DE/AC的吸声性能最优。GTR质量分数为15%时,硬层PVC/GTR的隔声性能最好。DE和AC质量分数分别为20%和3%,GTR质量分数为15%时,软层材料和硬层材料储能模量达到最高且损耗因子降至最低。GTR质量分数为15%时,软硬层复合材料弹性模量最高可达15.3 MPa,拉伸强度、韧性和断裂伸长率均分别降至3.56 MPa、2.53 J和80.4%。软硬层聚氯乙烯复合材料的平均隔声量和平均吸声系数均高于软层PVC/DE/AC和硬层PVC/GTR材料,表明软硬层的复合结构能够通过吸声、隔声、阻尼等机理进行降噪。Using plasticized polyvinyl chloride(PVC)as the matrix,combined with recycled tire rubber powder(GTR),diatomite DE and foaming agent AC,the hard layer PVC/GTR sound insulation material and the soft layer PVC/DE/AC sound absorption material were prepared.The soft and hard layer structure composites were prepared by hot pressing.The results show that when the mass fraction of DE is 20%and the mass fraction of AC is 3%,the sound absorption performance of soft layer PVC/DE/AC is the best.When the mass fraction of GTR is 15%,the sound insulation performance of hard layer PVC/GTR is the best.When the mass fractions of DE and AC are 20%and 3%,respectively,and the mass fraction of GTR is 15%,the storage modulus of soft layer material and hard layer material reaches the highest and the loss factor decreases to the lowest.When the mass fraction of GTR is 15%,the elastic modulus of the soft and hard layer composites is up to 15.3 MPa,and the tensile strength,toughness and elongation at break are reduced to 3.56 MPa,2.53 J and 80.4%,respectively.The average sound insulation and average sound absorption coefficient of soft and hard PVC composites are higher than those of soft layer PVC/DE/AC and hard layer PVC/GTR,indicating that the composite structure of soft and hard layers can reduce noise through sound absorption,sound insulation and damping mechanisms.

关 键 词：声学性能 轮胎橡胶 聚氯乙烯 力学性能 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TQ325.3[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]