高层建筑城镇燃气管道泄漏扩散影响研究  

Study on the influence of urban gas pipeline leakage and diffusion under high-rise buildings

作　　者：解正一 蒋宏业[1] 缑静钰 刘红梅 Xie Zhengyi;Jiang Hongye;Gou Jingyu;Liu Hongmei(College of Petroleum&Gas Engineering,Southwest Petroleum University,Sichuan Chengdu 610500,China)

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学石油与天然气工程学院,四川成都610500

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2023年第4期458-463,共6页Fire Science and Technology

摘　　要：为研究城镇中高压燃气管道在高层建筑附近的泄漏扩散影响特性,考虑了高层建筑狭缝间隙造成的风加速效应和不同泄漏位置对燃气扩散的影响,使用Fluent对环境风场和燃气泄漏扩散进行数值模拟。研究结果表明:对于城市高层建筑,可通过对稳态风场的判断,预测燃气的扩散方向和范围;近地面的加速风速对泄漏射流的偏移作用较小,燃气扩散在楼间呈现柱状的分布;迎风侧泄漏甲烷在建筑物的顶部被抬升,背风侧泄漏具有向无建筑一侧扩散的趋势,最终呈现为贴近建筑物及地面的气云;泄漏孔与建筑物的距离越小,甲烷贴附在建筑物的危害面积越大,设计燃气管道与建筑物距离时需考虑建筑物高度的影响;引入加速比定量表征高层建筑间的加速效应大小,提出加速比在高层建筑间的三维分布式。In order to study the influence characteristics of leakage and diffusion of medium and high pressure gas pipelines in cities and towns near high-rise buildings,considering the wind acceleration effect caused by the gap between high-rise buildings and the influence of different leakage positions on gas diffusion,Fluent is used to numerically simulate the environmental wind field and gas leakage and diffusion.The results show that:For urban high-rise buildings,the diffusion direction and range of gas can be predicted by judging the steady-state wind field;The accelerating wind speed near the ground has little effect on the deviation of leakage jet,and the diffusion of gas presents a columnar distribution between buildings;The methane leakage on the windward side is lifted at the top of the windward side of the building,and the leakage on the leeward side tends to diffuse to the side without the building,and finally presents as a gas cloud close to the building and the ground;The smaller the distance between the leakage hole and the building,the greater the harmful area of methane attached to the building.The influence of building height should be considered when designing the distance between the gas pipeline and the building;The acceleration ratio is introduced to quantitatively characterize the acceleration effect between high-rise buildings,and the three-dimensional distribution of acceleration ratio between high-rise buildings is proposed.The research can provide a theoretical basis for the prediction of urban gas pipeline leakage accidents and the emergency evacuation of personnel.

关 键 词：燃气管道 高层建筑 泄漏扩散 加速效应 安全距离 

分 类 号：X947[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TU990.3[建筑科学—市政工程]