危险化学品爆炸火灾事故数据库的构建及应用  

Database construction and application of hazardous chemical explosion and fire accidents

作　　者：李光耀 孙振文[1] 朱军[1] 张冠男[1] Li Guangyao;Sun Zhenwen;Zhu Jun;Zhang Guannan(Institute of Forensic Science,Ministry of Public Security,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]公安部物证鉴定中心,北京100038

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2023年第4期575-579,共5页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：中国工程院咨询项目(2020-XY-28);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(2020JB014,2021JB010)。

摘　　要：为了研究危险化学品爆炸火灾事故规律,建立了基于物质信息的危险化学品爆炸火灾事故数据库框架体系,收集600起危险化学品爆炸火灾事故信息,并采用MySQL关系型数据库对事故的物质流信息、危险物质、工艺装备、时空信息、事故表现类型、事故发生环节和事故危害情况等7大方面信息进行管理。利用数据库对事故时空信息规律、环节分布规律、高频事故装备和高频危险物质进行了初步的分析。结果表明,危险化学品爆炸火灾事故在2014-2015年这个时期到了高点,随后便开始下降;事故的发生区域主要集中在东部沿海区域,其中山东和江苏两省最为严重;危险化学品在生产环节产生的爆炸火灾事故数量和伤亡人数最为显著,应引起关注;发生事故的装备以反应釜居多,不同环节的事故装备具有自己的特点;危险物质以油气类、火炸药类和硝基苯类物质频次最高,且危险物质具有明显的地域差异性。In order to study the laws of hazardous chemical explosion and fire accidents,we built the database frame based on material information.About 600 explosion and fire accidents of hazardous chemicals from were collected,based on which,a MySQL structured database was established to manage seven aspects of information,such as material information,hazardous substances,process equipment,space-time information,accident performance types,accident occurrence links and accident hazards.The temporal and spatial information law,link distribution law,high-frequency accident equipment and high-frequency hazardous substances of dangerous chemical explosion and fire accidents have be analyzed.It’s found that dangerous chemical explosion and fire accidents occur frequently and even increase,especially reaching a high point in the period from 2014 to 2015,and then began to decline.The accident occurred mainly in the eastern coastal area,of which Shandong and Jiangsu provinces were the most serious.The number of accidents and casualties in the production of hazardous chemicals are the most significant,which should be paid attention to.The frequency of dangerous substances is the highest among oil and gas,explosives and nitrobenzene,and the dangerous substances have obvious regional differences.

关 键 词：危险化学品 爆炸火灾 事故数据库 

分 类 号：X921[环境科学与工程—安全科学] X932