民航招飞初检淘汰率比较与眼科淘汰疾病分析  

Comparison of elimination rates of initial physical examination in civil aviation recruitment and analysis of ophthalmology elimination diseases

作　　者：张海良 赵旭 李若希 李艳玲 李鑫 Zhang Hailiang;Zhao Xu;Li Ruoxi;Li Yanling;Li Xin(Institute of Civil Aviation Aircrew Medical Assessment,Civil Aviation General Hospital,Beijing 100123,China)

机构地区：[1]民航总医院民用航空人员体检鉴定所,北京100123

出　　处：《中华航空航天医学杂志》2022年第4期228-231,共4页Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine

摘　　要：目的对民航招飞初检资料进行回顾性分析,总结经验,为改进招飞体检鉴定工作提供参考。方法选取2019年12月至2021年5月由民航医学中心进行招飞初检的1306名高中学生为研究对象,统计分析各科疾病淘汰率和淘汰疾病构成比,并对眼科淘汰疾病进行分析。结果①1306名高中学生参加招飞初检,因不同疾病共计淘汰621人,总淘汰率为47.5%。其中内科淘汰92人,淘汰率为7.0%,淘汰疾病构成比为14.8%;外科淘汰85人,淘汰率为6.5%,淘汰疾病构成比为13.7%;眼科淘汰392人,淘汰率为30.0%,淘汰疾病构成比为63.1%;耳鼻咽喉科淘汰52人,淘汰率为4.0%,淘汰疾病构成比为8.4%。各科淘汰率及淘汰构成比差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=552.99.649.68,P值均<0.001)。②眼科淘汰疾病谱前5位依次为显斜类疾病、屈光度超标、视网膜疾病、隐斜超标、晶状体疾病;眼科淘汰疾病构成比差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=296.30,P<0.01)。结论各科常见的淘汰疾病在招飞体检时需重点关注。民航招飞初检眼科淘汰率最高。Objective To summarize the experience and improve the physical examination in civil aviation recruitment by retrospectively analyzing the preliminary inspection data and provide references for future appraisal.Methods A total of 1306 senior high school students who accepted the physical examination in Civil Aviation Medical Center from December of 2019 to May of 2021 were selected as the research objects.The results of disease elimination rates in different departments,elimination diseases constituent ratio and ophthalmology elimination diseases were statistically analyzed.Results①A total of 1306 senior high school students participated in the initial physical examination for recruitment,and 621 students were eliminated due to different diseases.The elimination rate was 47.5%.Among them,92 students were eliminated from internal medicine,with an elimination rate of 7.0% and an elimination disease composition ratio of 14.8%;85 students were eliminated from surgery,with an elimination rate of 6.5% and an elimination disease composition ratio of 13.7%;392 students were eliminated from ophthalmology,with an elimination rate of 30.0% and an elimination disease composition ratio of 63.1%;and 52 students were eliminated from otorhinolaryngology,with an elimination rate of 4.0% and an elimination disease composition ratio of 8.4%.There were significant differences among the elimination rates and the constituent ratios of eliminated diseases from different departments(χ^(2)=552.99,649.68,both P<0.001).②0bvious oblique diseases,refractive index exceeding standard,retinal diseases,hidden oblique exceeding standard and lens diseases were the top 5 elimination diseases of ophthalmology.There was significant difference in the proportion of ophthalmic elimination diseases(χ^(2)=296.30,P<0.01).Conclusions Attention should be paid to main diseases in the physical examination of pilot candidates.In the initial physical examination of civil aviation pilot candidates,the elimination rate of ophthalmology is the highest.

关 键 词：眼疾病 体格检查 人员选用 招收飞行学员 

分 类 号：R851.3[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]