乡村旅游小微企业间知识转移的动力因素与作用机理——基于扎根理论的探索性研究  

Dynamic Factors and Mechanism of Knowledge Transfer among Small and Micro Enterprises in Rural Tourism:An Exploratory Research Based on Grounded Theory

作　　者：郭华 陈丽如 马文秀 GUO Hua;CHEN Liru;MAWenxiu(School of Tourism Management,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学旅游管理学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2023年第4期52-65,共14页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“乡村旅游社区恢复力的形成机制研究:行动者网络理论视角”(41701144)资助。

摘　　要：以往旅游学界的研究较多地关注了政府-企业或社区居民、外来精英-目的地本地居民的知识转移过程与影响机制,关注了跨国公司、连锁企业等边界清晰、运营规范的大型组织之间的知识转移问题,但对小微企业间的知识转移问题关照较少。而乡村旅游发展的实践层面,大量小微企业间的知识转移行为愈加普遍,且被认为是这些小微企业提升恢复力与创新力的关键环节,因此,探讨乡村型旅游目的地内小微企业之间的知识转移动力因素与作用机制具有重要的研究与实践意义。该研究通过对江西省婺源县的3个典型旅游村落开展田野调查,对27位旅游小微企业主进行深度访谈和质性研究,探讨了乡村旅游小微企业之间的知识转移实践。研究发现,乡村旅游小企业间的知识转移体现出强烈的自组织特性,多个小微企业基于相互依赖、信任与互动开展知识转移中的合作,由此形成非正式合作网络。研究采用扎根理论范式,提出了促动旅游小微企业间知识转移的动力因素,包括能力与意愿驱动、乡村社区嵌入性合作关系网络、政府支持3个主范畴及相对应的12个子范畴。3个主范畴的作用机理不同,知识转移主客体的能力与意愿是核心驱动力,构成内驱变量;乡村社区嵌入性合作关系网络是知识转移得以开展的情境条件,构成外驱变量;政府支持是外部支持与保障条件,构成调节变量。该研究为未来的实证研究奠定了基础,在实践层面也有益于旅游小微企业之间知识转移常态化机制的形成,并最终推动乡村旅游社区的能力与活力提升。The importance of knowledge transfer in boosting innovation and competitiveness has been increasingly recognized.In previous research,scholars have paid a great deal of attention to the process and influence mechanism of knowledge transfer among large-scale tourism organizations.However,so far relatively little research has been put forward on knowledge transfer among small and micro enterprises.With the booming development of rural tourism,small and micro enterprises have emerged in great numbers,making knowledge transfer among them more common,which is considered to be the key element for these small and micro enterprises to enhance their resilience and innovation ability.Therefore,it is of great significance to explore the dynamic factors and mechanism of knowledge transfer among small and micro enterprises in rural tourism destinations.This paper carries out field surveys in three villages in Wuyuan county,Jiangxi province.Widely known for its rural tourism development,Wuyuan is home to many small and micro enterprises.Through in-depth interviews with and qualitative research on twenty-seven owners of small and micro tourism enterprises,this paper found that the knowledge transfer among small tourism enterprises features strong self-organization.Many small and micro enterprises cooperate in knowledge transfer and sharing on the basis of interdependence,trust and interaction,forming an informal cooperation network.Based on the grounded theory,this paper puts forward three driving factors of knowledge transfer among small and micro tourism enterprises,namely,ability and willingness,cooperative network embedded in the rural community,and government’s support,along with 12 sub-categories.These three factors jointly drive the willingness and action of knowledge transfer while functioning in different ways.Ability and willingness of the subject and object of knowledge transfer is the core driving force and constitutes the internal driving variable;cooperative network embedded in the rural community is the situati

关 键 词：乡村旅游 小微企业 知识转移 合作关系网络 

分 类 号：F59[经济管理—旅游管理]