免耕不同秸秆覆盖量对黑土微生物群落及其残留物的影响  

Effects of no-tillage and different stover mulching amounts on soil microbial community and microbial residue in the Mollisols of China

作　　者：吕付泽 杨雅丽 鲍雪莲[1,3] 张常仁 郑甜甜 何红波[1,3] 张旭东 解宏图[1,3] LYU Fuze;YANG Yali;BAO Xuelian;ZHANG Changren;ZHENG Tiantian;HE Hongbo;ZHANG Xudong;XIE Hongtu(Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Conservation Tillage and Ecological Agriculture,Shenyang 110016,China;College of Geographical Sciences,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116029,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]辽宁省现代保护性耕作与生态农业重点实验室,沈阳110016 [4]辽宁师范大学地理科学学院,辽宁大连116029

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2023年第4期903-912,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项(XDA28090100);国家自然科学基金项目(41977048);沈阳市科学技术计划项目(22-317-2-06,21-116-3-03,21-109-3-03)。

摘　　要：为探究免耕和不同秸秆覆盖量下土壤微生物群落组成及残留物的变化规律,依托中国东北黑土区的玉米保护性耕作长期平台(始建于2007年),以传统耕作(翻耕+无秸秆还田)为对照(CT),对免耕结合不同秸秆覆盖量[免耕+无秸秆还田(NT0)、免耕+1/3秸秆覆盖还田(NT1/3)、免耕+2/3秸秆覆盖还田(NT2/3)和免耕+全量秸秆覆盖还田(NT3/3)]下不同土层(0~5、5~10、10~20 cm)土壤理化性质、磷脂脂肪酸和氨基糖的变化特征进行分析。结果表明:与CT相比,免耕无秸秆还田处理(NT0)对土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)、可溶性有机氮(DON)、含水量、微生物群落及其残留物等均无显著影响;免耕结合秸秆覆盖还田主要影响了土壤表层各指标,与CT相比,0~5 cm土层中NT1/3、NT2/3、NT3/3处理SOC含量分别显著提高了27.2%、34.1%、35.6%,NT2/3和NT3/3处理磷脂脂肪酸含量分别显著提高了39.2%和65.0%,NT3/3处理氨基糖含量(微生物残留物)显著提高了47.2%;免耕不同秸秆覆盖量的土壤理化性质和微生物群落差异随土壤深度增加而减小,5~20 cm土层中几乎无显著差异。SOC、TN、DOC、DON和含水量是影响微生物群落组成和残留物积累的重要因素;相关性分析表明,活体微生物生物量与残留物尤其真菌残留物具有正相关关系。综上,不同秸秆覆盖量处理均能不同程度促进SOC的积累;当秸秆量充足时,建议选择免耕+全量秸秆覆盖的耕作方式,最有利于土壤微生物生物量、微生物残留物和SOC的增加;当秸秆量不足时,可选用免耕+2/3秸秆覆盖还田的方式,可提高土壤微生物生物量和SOC含量。本研究对指导东北黑土区农田生态系统秸秆管理及促进农业可持续发展具有重要意义。To investigate the effects of no-tillage and different amounts of stover mulch on soil microbial community composition and their residues,we set up a field experiment of different amounts of stover mulch under no-tillage on the long-term maize conservation tillage station located in the Mollisols area of Northeast China(built in 2007),including without stover mulch(NT0),1/3 stover mulch(NT1/3),2/3 stover mulch(NT2/3)and full stover mulch(NT3/3),and the conservation tillage(plowing without stover mulch,CT)as control.We analyzed phospholipid fatty acid,amino sugar biomarker and soil physicochemical properties at different soil layers(0-5 cm,5-10 cm,10-20 cm).The results showed that compared to CT,no-tillage without stover mulch(NT0)did not affect soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen(DOC,DON),water content,microbial community and their residue.The main effects of no-tillage and stover mulch were found in the topsoil.Specifically,the NT1/3,NT2/3 and NT3/3 significantly increased SOC content by 27.2%,34.1%and 35.6%,respectively,phospholipid fatty acid content was significantly increased under NT2/3 and NT3/3 by 39.2%and 65.0%,respectively,and NT3/3 significantly increased the content of microbial residue-amino sugar by 47.2%in the depth of 0-5 cm compared with CT.The variations in soil properties and microbial community induced by no-tillage and different amounts stover mulch decreased with soil depth,with almost no difference in the 5-20 cm soil layer.SOC,TN,DOC,DON,and water content were the main factors influencing the composition of the microbial community and the accumulation of microbial residue.Microbial biomass was positively correlated with microbial residue,particularly fungal residue.In conclusion,all stover mulch treatments promoted SOC accumulation to different degrees.When there is sufficient stover,it is advisable to opt for no-tillage with full stover mulch,as it is most conducive to the increases of soil microbial biomass,microbial residue and SOC.In case w

关 键 词：秸秆覆盖量 土壤有机碳 微生物生物量 微生物残留物 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]