大气NH_(3)浓度升高对不同施氮水平下小麦叶片光合特征和籽粒产量的影响  

Effects of elevated atmospheric ammonia concentration on photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield in wheat under different nitrogen rates

作　　者：张鹏飞[1,2] 刘朋召 王成龙 邓明珠 林延荣 任小龙 陈小莉[1,2] ZHANG Pengfei;LIU Pengzhao;WANG Chenglong;DENG Mingzhu;LIN Yanrong;REN Xiaolong;CHEN Xiaoli(College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Phyic-ecology and Tillage in Northwestern Loess Plateau,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2023年第4期1009-1014,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31871562)。

摘　　要：探讨大气NH_(3)浓度升高下施氮对小麦光合作用及生长情况的影响,可为高NH_(3)环境下作物的氮(N)肥管理提供指导。本研究采用开顶式气室装置,通过2020—2021和2021—2022年两年田间裂区试验,设置两个大气NH_(3)浓度(高NH_(3)浓度:0.30~0.60 mg·m^(-3),EAM;空气背景NH_(3)浓度:0.01~0.03 mg·m^(-3),AM)和两个施氮水平(施氮:240 kg·hm^(-2),+N;不施氮:0 kg·hm^(-2),-N),研究了不同处理对小麦叶片净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(g_(s))、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)、株高和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明:在-N下,与AM相比,EAM显著提高了拔节期和孕穗期小麦叶片的P_(n)、g_(s)、SPAD值,两年分别平均增加24.6%、16.3%、21.9%和20.9%、37.1%、5.7%;在+N下,EAM显著降低了拔节期和孕穗期小麦叶片的P_(n)、g_(s)、SPAD值,两年分别平均减少10.8%、5.9%、3.6%和6.8%、18.9%、9.3%。大气NH_(3)浓度升高和施氮及其互作对小麦株高和籽粒产量存在显著影响,在-N下,与AM相比,EAM小麦株高和籽粒产量两年分别提高了4.5%和32.1%;在+N下,EAM小麦株高和籽粒产量两年分别降低了1.1%和8.5%。综上,不施氮条件下大气NH_(3)浓度升高对小麦叶片光合特征、株高和籽粒产量存在一定促进作用,而施氮条件下则表现出一定抑制作用。To evaluate the effects of nitrogen(N)application rates on the growth,photosynthetic traits and yield of winter wheat under elevated atmospheric ammonia(NH_(3))concentrations could provide guidance for N management under high NH_(3)environment.We conducted a split-plot experiment for two consecutive years(2020-2021 and 2021-2022)with top-open chambers.The treatments included two NH_(3)concentrations[elevated ambient NH_(3)concentration at 0.30-0.60 mg·m^(-3)(EAM)and air NH_(3)concentration at 0.01-0.03 mg·m^(-3)(AM)]and two N application rates[recommended N dose(+N)and no N application(-N)].We analyzed the effects of aforementioned treatments on net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),stomatal conductance(g_(s)),chlorophyll content(SPAD value),plant height,and grain yield.The results showed that averaged across the two years,EAM significantly increased P_(n),g_(s),and SPAD values at the jointing and booting stages at the-N level by 24.6%,16.3%,21.9%and 20.9%,37.1%,5.7%,respectively,compared with AM.However,EAM significantly decreased P_(n),g_(s),and SPAD values at jointing and booting stages at+N level by 10.8%,5.9%,3.6%and 6.8%,18.9%,9.3%,respectively,over AM treatment.There was a significant effect of NH_(3)treatment,N application rates and their interaction on plant height and grain yield.Compared with AM,EAM increased the average plant height and grain yield by 4.5%and 32.1%at-N level and decreased by 1.1%and 8.5%at+N level,respectively.In a nutshell,the eleva-ted ambient NH_(3)concentration had positive effect on photosynthetic characteristics,plant height,and grain yield under ambient N condition,but a inhibitory effect under N application.

关 键 词：大气NH_(3)浓度 小麦 施氮 光合特征 株高 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]