蛮族法典的“习惯法”与“属人主义”定性再认识——以《勃艮第法典》为中心  

Reexamination on “Customary Law” and “Personality” of Leges Barbarorum Based on Burgundian Code

作　　者：刘雪飞[1] LIU Xue-fei(Institute of European Civilization,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin,300387,PRC)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学欧洲文明研究院,天津300387

出　　处：《西北师大学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期117-126,共10页Journal of Northwest Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“英国中世纪财产权观念研究”(19BSS027)。

摘　　要：19世纪以来诸多学者都认为中世纪早期西欧的蛮族法典是“习惯法”,与罗马成文法对立并存;各有各的法律,故法律呈现“属人主义”,勃艮第王国的法律被认为是这一理念的典范体现。通过对勃艮第王国法律的实证考察,可以发现:所谓《勃艮第法典》实则名为《法令书》,其虽然保存了少量习惯法,但主要是法令这种制定法,由国王和教俗贵族制定颁布;其适用对象不是单纯的勃艮第人,而是王国地域范围内的所有人群。《勃艮第罗马法典》则名为《法律的形式与解释》,且不是一部官方法典,仅作参考使用。由是观之,蛮族法典的“习惯法”与“属人主义”定性以偏概全,需要重新反思认识。Since 19th century,many scholars have considered the law of Leges Barbarorum of early Middle Ages were customary law,coexisting in opposition to Roman statute law.Both have applicable groups,so the law presents “personal”.The law of the Burgundian Kingdom used to be thought a model embodiment of these ideas.However,the law of Burgundian kingdom is not so.The so-called “Burgundian Code” is actually named Liber Constitution,i.e.Book of Constitutions.Although it retains a small amount of customary law,it is mainly made up of constitutions,a kind of statutory law,which is formulated and promulgated by the king and nobles.It applies not only to pure Burgundians,but also to all people within the territory of the kingdom.Lex Romana Burgundionum is originally called Forma et Expositio Legum,which is not an official code but a handbook of reference.Therefore,the“customary law”and“personality”of the leges barbarorum are characterized by partial generalization,which need to be re-examined.

关 键 词：蛮族法典 习惯法 属人主义 《勃艮第法典》 

分 类 号：D909.9[政治法律—法学理论]