生态适应中乡村地方性景观的分化重构与机制分析  

Differentiation,Reconstruction and Mechanism Analysis of Rural Local Landscape in Ecological Adaptation

作　　者：汪芳[1,2] 章佳茵 卞辰龙 王舜奕 WANG Fang;ZHANG Jiayin;BIAN Chenlong;WANG Shunyi

机构地区：[1]北京大学建筑与景观设计学院,北京100871 [2]北京大学建筑与景观设计学院流域地方性建成环境山西省重点实验室,北京100871 [3]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871

出　　处：《中国园林》2023年第4期14-19,共6页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“宜居城乡地方性景观生态规划理论及方法”(编号52130804);国家社会科学基金重点项目“人地协调与城乡协同的乡村规划建设研究”(编号21AZD033)共同资助。

摘　　要：乡村地方性景观在复杂自然环境的影响下呈现着动态的生态适应与分化重构,揭示其重构机制是乡村多元特色保护和宜居化发展的基础。以受生态约束的兰考县典型乡村为例,梳理了生态适应视角下,兰考乡村地方性景观在县域集中性生态治理与适应、乡村地方性景观分化与重构2个阶段的行动者网络过程,分析了伴随着的乡村土地利用结构、建筑分布格局、院落空间形态等景观特征演化;并对乡村地方性景观分化重构的机制进行了剖析,发现生态约束的程度变化主导着景观重构的阶段演替,且生态适应路径差异化变迁推动乡村景观分化为原生型、拼贴型和迁移型等地方性类型,为乡村的多元定位与转型治理提供理论依据。Under the influence of complex natural environment,rural local landscape presents dynamic ecological adaptation,differentiation and reconstruction,and revealing its reconstruction mechanism is the basis of rural multi-characteristic protection and livable development.Taking the typical villages of Lankao County under ecological constraints as an example,this paper reviewed the actor network process of Lankao rural local landscape in two stages of intensive ecological governance and adaptation at the county level and differentiation and reconstruction of rural local landscape from the perspective of ecological adaptation,and analyzed the accompanying evolution of landscape characteristics such as rural land use structure,building distribution pattern and courtyard spatial form.The paper also analyzed the mechanism of rural local landscape differentiation and reconstruction,and found that the change of ecological constraints dominated the stage succession of landscape reconstruction,and the differentiation of ecological adaptation paths promoted the differentiation of rural landscape into local types such as native type,collage type and migration type,which provided the basis for rural multiple positioning and transformation governance.

关 键 词：风景园林 生态适应 地方性 乡村重构 景观演化 兰考县 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]