西藏羊卓雍错高原裸鲤肠道寄生蠕虫的群落生态  

COMMUNITY ECOLOGY OF INTESTINAL HELMINTHS IN GYMNOCYPRIS WADDELLII FROM YAMDROK LAKE,TIBET AUTONOMOUS REGION,CHINA

作　　者：潘瑛子 扎西拉姆 PAN Ying-Zi;TASHILHAMO(Xizang Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences Institute of Fishery Sciences,Lhasa 850032,China;Xizang Native Fish Breeding and Utilization Technology Engineering Research Center,Lhasa 850032,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏自治区农牧科学院水产科学研究所,拉萨850032 [2]西藏土著鱼类繁育与利用技术工程研究中心,拉萨850032

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2023年第6期903-909,共7页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：农业农村部财政专项(西藏重点水域渔业资源与环境调查)资助。

摘　　要：为研究西藏羊卓雍错Yamdrok Lake高原裸鲤肠道寄生蠕虫的群落生态,探索寄生虫与西藏高原环境和独特的鱼类宿主三者之间的相互关系,以肠道寄生蠕虫为对象,于2020年7月对180尾高原裸鲤Gymnocypris waddellii[雌性120尾,雄性60尾,全长22.20—49.20 cm,平均全长(36.76±4.18)cm,体重77.3—896.7 g,平均体重(425.92±148.27)g]进行了剖检,对群落结构和种间关系等群落生态进行了分析。羊卓雍错高原裸鲤肠道寄生蠕虫群落由5个物种构成,分别为聂氏似短节绦虫Parabreviscolex niepini、对盲囊线虫Contracaecum eudyptulae、束首线虫未定种Streptocara sp.、新棘吻虫未定种Neoechinorhynchus sp.和异肉吸虫未定种Allocreadium sp.。感染率从高到低依次为新棘吻虫未定种、聂氏似短节绦虫、异肉吸虫未定种、对盲囊线虫和束首线虫未定种。平均丰度从高到低依次为聂氏似短节绦虫、新棘吻虫未定种、束首线虫未定种、异肉吸虫未定种和对盲囊线虫。群落的Margalef物种丰富度指数为0.59,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为1.26,Pielou均匀度指数为0.83,Berger-Parker优势度指数为0.50,优势物种为聂氏似短节绦虫。有4组物种间存在正关联,关联性从高到代依次为:新棘吻虫未定种与异肉吸虫未定种、对盲囊线虫与新棘吻虫未定种、对盲囊线虫与异肉吸虫未定种、对盲囊线虫与束首线虫未定种。其他寄生蠕虫物种两两不存在种间关联。从感染与否看,被感染的宿主数量超过采样群体宿主数量的一半,其中,以感染1种寄生虫的宿主出现频次最高,感染2种寄生虫的宿主出现频次也较高,3种和4种寄生虫共同感染的宿主出现频次明显降低,未发现5种寄生虫同时感染的宿主。与同位于西藏南部,并曾经相连的哲古措Chugutso Lake相比,两个湖泊尽管地理位置相近,宿主鱼类种类相同,寄生蠕虫物种组成一致,但羊卓雍错高原裸鲤肠道寄生蠕虫群落具�This paper studies the community ecology of intestinal helminths in Gymnocypris waddellii from Yamdrok Lake,Tibet Autonomous Region,China,and the interactions among the parasite community,environmental conditions of the Tibet Plateau,and unique hosts.In July 2020,180 samples[total length:22.20—49.20 cm;average length:(36.76±4.18)cm;weight:77.3—896.7 g;average weight:(425.92±148.27)g],including 120 females and 60 males,were dissected for the analysis of community structure,interspecific relationship and other aspects of community ecology.Intestinal helminths in the samples consist of 5 species:Neoechinorhynchus sp.,Parabreviscolex niepini,Allocreadium sp.,Contracaecum eudyptulae and Streptocara sp.,if ranked by the prevalence of infection from the highest to the lowest(or Parabreviscolex niepini,Neoechinorhynchus sp.,Streptocara sp.,Allocreadium sp.and Contracaecum eudyptulae,if ranked by the mean abundance of infection from the highest to the lowest).The Margalef index of species richness is 0.59,the Shannon-Wiener index of species diversity is 1.26,the Pielou index of species evenness is 0.83,and the Berger-Parker index of species dominance is 0.50.Parabreviscolex niepini is the dominant species.Positive correlations are found between 4 groups of species:Neoechinorhynchus sp.and Allocreadium sp.;Contracaecum eudyptulae and Neoechinorhynchus sp.;Contracaecum eudyptulae and Allocreadium sp.;Contracaecum eudyptulae and Streptocara sp.,if ranked by the degree of correlation from the highest to the lowest.No interspecific association is observed between other species of parasitic worms.The number of infected hosts is over 50%of the sample size.The number of hosts infected with one parasite species is the highest,followed by the number of hosts infected with 2 parasite species.Hosts infected with 3 or 4 parasite species are less common,and there are no hosts infected with 5 parasite species.In comparison with the same parasite species in the same hosts from the adjacent Chugutso Lake,which was once connected wit

关 键 词：群落生态 寄生蠕虫 群落结构 种间关系 羊卓雍错 高原裸鲤 西藏 

分 类 号：Q145.2[生物学—生态学]