露天条件下蚯蚓处理牛粪-农林废弃物生产蚯蚓粪的理化性质特征  

Evaluation of Physical and Chemical Properties of Earthworm Manure Produced by Earthworm Treatment of Agricultural and Forestry Wastes Under Open-air Conditions

作　　者：赵懿 赵丽霞 朱志刚 赵静 高媛 ZHAO Yi;ZHAO Lixia;ZHU Zhigang;ZHAO Jing;GAO Yuan(Beijing Yanqing District Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Yanqing,Beijing 102100,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市延庆区农业技术推广站,北京延庆102100

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2023年第5期41-46,共6页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系北京市生态循环与低碳发展创新团队项目(BAIC08-2022)。

摘　　要：为探明在露天条件下利用蚯蚓处理农林废弃物产生蚯蚓粪的理化性质差异,对赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)摄食分解牛粪与不同比例农林废弃物的混合物,即常规处理(100%牛粪+0%废弃物)、低废弃物处理(70%牛粪+30%废弃物)、中废弃物处理(50%牛粪+50%废弃物)、高废弃物处理(30%牛粪+70%废弃物)共4个处理所形成蚯蚓粪的理化性质进行了对比分析评价。结果表明:随着废弃物比例的增加,堆体的平均温度呈现逐渐降低的趋势,变异系数逐渐增加,但各处理之间差异不显著(P>0.05);蚯蚓粪的物理性质:容重范围0.67~0.71 g·cm^(-3)之间,通气孔隙度的范围5.93%~6.81%之间,持水孔隙度的范围是53.20%~60.93%之间,各处理之间差异不显著(P>0.05);蚯蚓粪的化学性质:C/N的范围是9.54~10.77之间,有效磷范围是835.3~872.3 mg·kg^(-1),阳离子交换量范围是28.1~28.4 cmol·kg^(-1),酸碱度范围8.74~8.92之间,各处理之间差异不显著(P>0.05),碱解氮和速效钾以100%牛粪为食物的蚯蚓粪最高,该处理碱解氮和速效钾分别比添加废弃物的3个处理平均高19.8%和22.0%,差异显著(P<0.05),而不同废弃物添加比例的3个处理之间差异不显著(P>0.05);蚯蚓粪的生物学性质:粪大肠杆菌数的范围在29.7~42.7个·g-1之间,种子发芽指数的范围在95.6%~99.5%之间,各处理之间差异不显著(P>0.05),蛔虫卵死亡率和杂草种子活性未检出。综上所述,露天条件下蚯蚓处理牛粪或者牛粪添加不同量农林废弃物产生蚯蚓粪除了碱解氮和速效钾养分指标差异明显以外,其他参数差异不明显,并且均达到了无害化要求,可为蚯蚓粪再利用提供理论依据。In order to explore the difference in physical and chemical properties of earthworm manure produced by earthworm treatment of agricultural and forestry wastes under open air conditions,this study analyzed and evaluated the physical and chemical parameters of earthworm manure formed by Eisenia foetida after feeding and decomposing cow dung with different proportions of agricultural and forestry waste,including conventional treatment(100%cow dung+0%waste),low waste treatment(70%cow dung+30%waste),medium waste treatment(50%cow dung+50%waste),and high waste treatment(30%cow dung+70%waste).The results revealed that with the increase of waste addition proportion,the average temperature of the pile gradually decreases and the variation coefficient gradually increased.The difference among four treatments was not significant(P>0.05).In terms of the physical properties of vermicompost,the range of bulk density was 0.67-0.71 g·cm^(-3),the range of aeration porosity was 5.93%-6.81%,and the range of water holding porosity was 53.20%-60.93%.There was no significant difference among four treatments(P>0.05).In terms of the chemical properties of vermicompost,the range of C/N was 9.54-10.77,the range of available phosphorus was 835.3-872.3 mg·kg^(-1),the range of cation exchange capacity was 28.1-28.4 cmol·kg^(-1),and the range of pH was 8.74-8.92.There was no significant difference among four treatments(P>0.05).The highest alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium were found in the 100%cow dung treatment,which was separately19.8%and 22.0%higher than that in the cow dung and waste mixed treatments on average(P<0.05).But the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium showed no significant difference among the three waste addition treatments(P>0.05).In terms of the biological properties of vermicompost,the number of Escherichia coli per gram ranged from 29.7 to 42.7.The seed germination index ranged from 95.6%to 99.5%.There was no significant difference among four treatments(P>0.05).The mortality of Ascaris

关 键 词：农林废弃物 蚯蚓粪 理化性质 特征 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]