链格孢(Alternaria alternata)在枣、梨和苹果果实上的致病性分化研究  

Studies on the Pathogenic Differentiation of Alternaria alternata on Jujube, Pear and Apple Fruits

作　　者：武海燕[1] 李长水 马庆周 尹新明[1] 耿月华[1] 张猛[1] WU Haiyan;LI Changshui;MA Qingzhou;YIN Xinming;GENG Yuehua;ZHANG Meng(Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2023年第5期47-50,共4页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31171804);国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS—27);植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室开放基金(SKLOF202103)。

摘　　要：链格孢(Alternaria alternata)可侵染多种果树引起产前及产后果实黑斑病,造成严重的经济损失。不同果树来源的链格孢是否能交互传染还不清楚。本文探讨了引起北方枣、梨和苹果果实黑斑病的链格孢在这3种果实上的致病性分化和交互致病性,明确其交互传染特性。从北方不同地区果园采集枣、梨和苹果的黑斑病病果样品,通过组织分离法进行病原菌的分离,然后进行纯化及鉴定。利用离体果实接种法对分离到的各个病菌分别在枣、梨、苹果的果实上进行致病性测定,分析了其致病性的差异。结果显示:从3种病果实上共分离出45株链格孢,其中对枣、梨和苹果表现出强致病性的分别为5、11、7株,表现为弱致病的分别为17、8、20株;对3种果实的致病性均在次强等级以上的有6株,致病性均为弱等级的有3株,而在3种果实上致病性等级表现为次强等级以上的菌株有30株,占到总菌株的66.6%。总之,枣、梨和苹果病果上的链格孢存在致病性分化现象,并在这3种果实上是可以交叉侵染致病,互为侵染源。因此,在病害防治方面,临近的不同果园对黑斑病需联防联治。Alternaria alternata could infect many kinds of fruit trees and cause black spot disease in fruits before and after production,which would cause serious economic loss.It is not clear whether the pathogens of different fruit trees can interact with each other.In this paper,we studied the pathogenicity differentiation and cross pathogenicity of the fungi that causes black spot in jujube,pear and apple fruits investigated in northern China.Black spot fruit samples of jujube,pear and apple were collected from orchards in different areas of north China and the pathogenic fungi were isolated by tissue separation method,then,they were purified and identified.The pathogenicity of each isolated pathogen was determined on the fruits of jujube,pear and apple by in vitro inoculation method,and the difference of pathogenicity was analyzed.The studies showed that 45 strains were isolated from the three kinds of fruits,among which 5,11 and 7 strains showed strong pathogenicity to jujube,pear and apple,and 17,8 and 20 showed weak pathogenicity,respectively.There were 6 strains with sub-strong pathogenicity and 3 strains with weak pathogenicity,and there were 30 strains with sub-strong pathogenicity and above on 3 kinds of fruits,accounting for 66.6%of the total strains.In summary,there was pathogenicity differentiation in the pathogens of jujube,pear and apple black spot.They could be cross-infected on these three kinds of fruits,which are mutual infection sources.Therefore,in terms of disease control,joint prevention and treatment are needed in different near by orchards.

关 键 词：链格孢 致病性分化 交互致病性 

分 类 号：Q939.5[生物学—微生物学]