我国基层卫生人员职业倦怠现状及其影响因素  

Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Job Burnout of Grassroots Health Workers in China

作　　者：洪梦园 杨金侠[1] 索白莉 雷桃 HONG Mengyuan(School of Health Management,Anhui Medical University,Hefei,Anhui,230032,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学卫生管理学院,安徽合肥230032

出　　处：《医学与社会》2023年第5期97-101,共5页Medicine and Society

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目,编号为17BGL183。

摘　　要：目的:了解我国基层卫生人员职业倦怠现状,分析其影响因素,为促进基层卫生人员队伍建设,保障基层卫生事业发展提供参考,采用多因素logistic回归分析其职业倦怠的影响因素。方法:采用Maslach职业倦怠量表对我国东、中、西部样本地区的36家基层医疗卫生机构的卫生人员进行调查。结果:基层卫生人员职业倦怠阳性检出率为58.2%,其中情感衰竭、去个性化、个人成就感低落维度的中重度倦怠检出率分别为36.7%、19.5%、64.6%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、职称、加班频率、自评工作胜任力、工作与报酬的匹配度是职业倦怠的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:目前我国基层卫生人员职业倦怠状况不容乐观,情感衰竭和个人成就感低落问题较为严重,需要从加强心理疏导和干预、强化基层卫生人员技能培训、提高薪酬待遇水平、合理分配工作任务、降低工作强度等方面加以干预。Objective:To understand the current situation of job burnout of grassroots health workers in China and analyze its influencing factors,so as to promote the construction of grassroots health workers and ensure the development of grassroots health undertakings.Methods:Maslach job burnout scale was used to investigate the health workers in 36 grassroots health care institutions in the sample areas of east,west and central China and influencing factors of job burnout were investigated analyzed by multiple logistic regression.Results:The positive rate of job burnout was 58.2%,and the positive rate of emotional exhaustion,deindividuation and reduced personal accomplishment was 36.7%,19.5%and 64.6%,respectively.The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age,job title,overtime frequency,self-rated job competency and the matching degree of job and remuneration were the main influencing factors of job burnout(P<0.05).Conclusion:At present,the job burnout of health workers at the grassroots level in China is not optimistic,and the problems of emotional exhaustion and low sense of personal achievement are serious.It is necessary to strengthen psychological counseling and intervention,strengthen the skills training of health workers at the grassroots level,improve the level of salary and treatment,allocate work tasks reasonably,reduce work intensity and provide other aspects of intervention.

关 键 词：心理健康 职业倦怠 基层卫生人员 影响因素 

分 类 号：R192[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]