核糖核酸酶A超家族:不仅仅是一组降解RNA的酶  

The Ribonuclease A Superfamily:Not Only a Class of Enzymes for RNA Degradation

作　　者：刘亚欣 许正平[1,2] LIU Ya-Xin;XU Zheng-Ping(Institute of Environmental Medicine,Zhejiang University School of Medicine,Hangzhou 310058,China;Liangzhu Laboratory,Hangzhou 311121,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学医学院环境医学研究所,杭州310058 [2]良渚实验室,杭州311121

出　　处：《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》2023年第4期478-485,共8页Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.81972612)资助。

摘　　要：核糖核酸酶A超家族(ribonuclease A superfamily;RNase A superfamily),也称脊椎动物分泌型核糖核酸酶超家族(vertebrate secreted ribonucleases superfamily),是二十世纪蛋白质结构、酶学和分子进化领域研究最多最广泛的核糖核酸酶家族。自上世纪初期从牛胰腺中分离鉴定第一个成员以来,已从哺乳动物、两栖动物、爬行动物、鸟和鱼等几百种动物中鉴定了几千个成员。早期对该家族成员的研究不仅促进了蛋白质化学技术的发展,而且为现代生物学研究奠定了基础。目前已知人的核糖核酸酶A超家族成员包括8个典型成员(RNase 1~RNase 8)和5个非典型成员(RNase 9~RNase 13)。功能方面,曾一度以为该家族成员只具有降解核糖核酸的能力。随着血管生成素(angiogenin;RNase 5)、嗜酸性粒细胞衍生神经毒素(eosinophils-derived neurotoxin, EDN;RNase 2)、嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白(eosinophils cationic protein, ECP;RNase 3)的发现,人们意识到该家族成员除了消化核糖核酸外,还有依赖酶活性和不依赖酶活性的其他功能,包括宿主防御、免疫调节、血管生成和肿瘤抑制等,但仍了解不够全面。本文回顾了核糖核酸酶A超家族的研究历程,探讨了未来研究方向,特别呼吁要系统研究其除降解核糖核酸外的其他生理病理功能,希望能为该领域的研究提供思路。The RNase A superfamily,also known as the vertebrate secreted ribonucleases superfamily,is the most extensively studied ribonuclease family in the fields of protein structure,enzymology and molecular evolution of the 20th century.Since the first member was isolated from the bovine pancreas in the early of last century,thousands of members have been identified from hundreds of vertebrates,including mammals,amphibians,reptiles,birds and fish.The early research on the members of this family has not only promoted the development of protein chemistry technology,but also set a foundation for the modern biological research.So far it has been known that the human RNase A superfamily includes 8 canonical members(RNase 1~RNase 8)and 5 non-canonical members(RNase 9~RNase 13).[JP2]In terms of their functions,it was once thought that the members of the family only degraded RNA.With the discovery of angiogenin(RNase 5),eosinophil-derived neurotoxin(EDN;RNase 2)and eosinophils cationic protein(ECP;RNase 3),it has been realized that other functions exist,which are either dependent or independent on their catalytic activity,including host defense,immunomodulation,angiogenesis,antitumor activity and so on.However,our understanding of the functions of these members remains incomplete.Herein,we review the research history of the RNase A superfamily and discuss the future direction with emphasis on their non-RNA degradation functions under both physiological and pathological conditions.

关 键 词：核糖核酸酶A超家族 分子进化 宿主防御 胰核糖核酸酶 

分 类 号：Q71[生物学—分子生物学]