RNase A活性检测及其在癌症靶向治疗中的应用  

The RNase A Activity Assay and Its Application in Targeted Cancer Therapy

作　　者：覃艳 陶雪晴[1] 刘斌 QIN Yan;TAO Xue-Qing;LIU Bin(College of Biology,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China;School of Pharmacy,Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,Changsha 410208,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学生物学院,长沙410082 [2]湖南中医药大学药学院,长沙410208

出　　处：《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》2023年第4期516-523,共8页Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.82003931);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(No.2021M690974);湖南省教育厅优秀青年基金资助项目(No.20B445);湖湘青年科技创新人才资助项目(No.2021RC3100)资助。

摘　　要：核糖核酸酶A(RNase A)是一种广泛应用于酶学、生物化学、结构生物学等领域研究的工具酶,能特异性水解RNA的胞嘧啶(C)或尿嘧啶(U)残基,能有效杀伤肿瘤细胞及抑制HIV-1病毒复制。研究表明,RNase A家族成员参与细胞增殖、存活、发育和分化,迁移和入侵等多种生理和病理过程;人体内RNase A活性和蛋白质表达水平与胰腺癌、卵巢癌、膀胱癌和甲状腺癌等肿瘤发病密切相关。准确监测RNase A水平有助于阐明肿瘤发病分子机制、药物筛选、临床诊断和预后评估;此外,RNase A还具有通过裂解细胞内RNA分子,诱导细胞凋亡来杀伤肿瘤细胞的功能,是一类具有广泛应用前景的抗肿瘤蛋白质药物。基于纳米技术将具有治疗功能的RNase A输送至细胞特定靶向部位,实现抗肿瘤功能的蛋白质靶向疗法,已表现出良好的应用前景。本文重点讨论RNase A现有活性检测方法及其在靶向治疗相关疾病中的应用,旨在为RNase A临床应用和靶向药物筛选提供参考。The RNase A family members are involved in various physiological and pathological processes such as cell proliferation,survival,development,differentiation,migration,and invasion.Because the RNase A activity and protein expression levels in humans are closely related to the development of pancreatic,ovarian,bladder,and thyroid cancers,therefore accurate monitoring of RNase A levels can help to elucidate the molecular mechanism of tumor pathogenesis,drug screening,clinical diagnosis,and prognosis assessment.In addition,the RNase A family can specifically hydrolyze cytosine(C)or uracil(U)residues of RNA,which can effectively kill tumor cells and inhibit HIV-1 virus replication,thus RNase A has the function of killing tumor cells by lysing intracellular RNA molecules and inducing apoptosis,which is a promising class of anti-tumor protein drugs.Nanotechnology-based delivery of RNase A with therapeutic functions to specific target sites of cells to achieve the anti-tumor function of protein-targeted therapy has shown good application prospects.This paper focuses on the existing activity assays of RNase A and its application in targeted therapeutic-related diseases,aiming to provide a reference for utilization of RNase A in clinical applications and targeted drug screenings.

关 键 词：核糖核酸酶A 癌症 活性分析 靶向治疗 

分 类 号：Q55[生物学—生物化学]