核级锆铪溶剂萃取分离研究进展  

Research Progress in Solvent Extraction and Separation of Nuclear Grade Zirconium and Hafnium

作　　者：刘辉 王化军[1] 许文 徐国栋 刘璐 王俊莲 LIU Hui;WANG Huajun;XU Wen;XU Guodong;LIU Lu;WANG Junlian(School of Civil and Resource Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2023年第4期335-342,共8页Materials China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51974026)。

摘　　要：核级锆铪的制备是核工业安全快速发展的重要保障,锆铪深度分离是关键。锆铪分离的方法分为火法和湿法两大类。工业上获得核级锆铪的主要方法是溶剂萃取,萃取分离体系主要有甲基异丁酮(MIBK)-硫氰化氢(HSCN)、磷酸三丁酯(TBP)-硝酸(HNO 3)和三辛基胺(TOA)-硫酸(H 2SO 4),但都存在萃取效率低、萃取剂用量大、环境污染严重等不足。学者们一直致力于开发绿色高效的锆铪分离型新萃取体系,如胺类萃取剂、中性膦类萃取剂、有机膦/磷酸类萃取剂、羟肟酸类萃取剂、协同萃取体系等。以优先萃取锆/铪为切入点,从优先萃锆体系和优先萃铪体系两个方面阐述不同萃取体系萃取分离锆铪的机理、性能及优缺点,为锆铪萃取分离提供新思路。The safety and rapid development of nuclear industry highly depends on the production of nuclear grade zirconium and hafnium products.The deep separation of zirconium and hafnium is the most important factor.The separation method of zirconium and hafnium is divided into two categories:fire method and wet method.Solvent extraction is the main method to obtain nuclear grade zirconium and hafnium products in industry.The commercialized zirconium and hafnium separation systems include MIBK-HSCN,TBP-HNO 3 and TOA-H 2 SO 4.However,they all have shortcomings such as low extraction efficiency,large amount of reagent consumption and serious environmental pollution.Researchers have always been devoting to more green and efficient new zirconium and hafnium separation systems,like amine-based extractants,neutral phosphine extractants,organic phosphine/phosphoric acid extractants,hydroxamic acid extractants,synergistic extraction systems,etc.In this paper,we summarized the extraction mechanisms,performance and advantages and disadvantages of various extraction systems from the point of preferential zirconium or hafnium extraction systems,and hope to provide a new mentality for solvent extraction and separation.

关 键 词：锆 铪 核级 溶剂萃取 分离 

分 类 号：O652.62[理学—分析化学]