淡水真菌次生代谢物的化学和生物活性多样性  

Chemical and Biological Diversity of Secondary Metabolites from Freshwater Fungi

作　　者：王路生 宗世坤 朱美林 WANG Lu-Sheng;ZONG Shi-Kun;ZHU Mei-Lin(Department of Pharmacy,School of Pharmacy,Bengbu Medical College,Bengbu 233030,Anhui,China;Research Center of Anhui Biochemical Drug Engineering Technology,Bengbu 233030,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]蚌埠医学院药学院药学系,安徽蚌埠233030 [2]安徽省生化药物工程技术研究中心,安徽蚌埠233030

出　　处：《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》2023年第3期385-399,共15页Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.81903486);安徽省自然科学基金项目(No.1908085QH347)资助。

摘　　要：淡水真菌是地球上淡水生态系统中具有多样性和生态性的重要生物。淡水真菌主要是指生命周期中依赖淡水的真菌,在自然界中分布非常广泛,目前发现的大部分淡水真菌为子囊菌。淡水真菌生存的环境属于动态系统,其所在的基质随着各种因素的影响不断地变换,从而导致淡水真菌在自然界中扮演着多重角色。淡水真菌可以作为分解者用于废物和废水修复,也可去除水中的重金属等有害污染物,还可以促进营养物质和碳循环,维持淡水生态系统的平衡等。近年来,淡水真菌的次级代谢物作为结构新颖活性多样的先导化合物的来源之一,引起了广大科研工作者的兴趣。淡水真菌的物种多样性和生物合成基因簇的多样性代表了其能通过一系列复杂的代谢途径产生新颖的次级代谢物的无限潜力。本文主要介绍2012年至今,共138个次级代谢物从16种淡水真菌中被分离获得(其中,新化合物78个),这些化合物结构复杂多样,包括聚酮类、醌类和生物碱及多肽等,在抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、抗菌和抗虫方面具有较好的生物活性,尤其对抗肿瘤和抗生素等类药物的研发提供了宝贵资源,其中部分已经广泛应用于农业和医药行业。然而,国内对淡水真菌的次级代谢产物的研究起步较晚,处于未开发的状态,希望本篇综述能为淡水真菌的后续研究开发提供帮助和参考。Freshwater fungi are the most diverse and ecologically important organisms in freshwater ecosystems on earth.Freshwater fungi mainly refer to fungi that depend on freshwater in their life cycle,and are widely distributed in nature.Most of the freshwater fungi found so far are Ascomycetes.The environment in which freshwater fungi live is a dynamic system,and the substrate in which they live is constantly changing with the influence of various factors,resulting in freshwater fungi playing multiple roles in nature.For example,freshwater fungi can be used as decomposers for waste and wastewater remediation.It can also remove harmful pollutants such as heavy metals in water,promote nutrient and carbon cycles,and maintain the balance of freshwater ecosystems.In recent years,secondary metabolites of freshwater fungi have attracted the interest of researchers as one of the sources of lead compounds with novel structures and diverse activities.The diversity of species and biosynthetic gene clusters of freshwater fungi represents their limitless potential to generate novel secondary metabolites through a series of complex metabolic pathways.This paper mainly introduces a total of 138 secondary metabolites,including 78 new compounds,that have been isolated from 16 species of freshwater fungi since 2012.These compounds have complex and diverse structures,including polyketones,quinones,alkaloids,and polypeptides.The compounds have good biological activity in inhibiting tumor cell proliferation,antibacterial and anti-insect,which especially provides valuable resources for the research and development of antibiotics,anti-tumor and other drugs.However,the domestic research on the secondary metabolites of freshwater fungi started late,so it was almost in an unexplored state.It was hoped that this review can provide help and reference for the follow-up research and development of freshwater fungi.

关 键 词：淡水真菌 次生代谢物 化学多样性 抗菌 抗肿瘤 

分 类 号：Q936[生物学—微生物学]