基于SWAT的鲇鱼山水库流域氮磷面源污染时空变化研究  

Study on Spatio-temporal Variation of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Non-point Source Pollution in Nianyushan Reservoir Watershed Based on SWAT

作　　者：史冲 王浩宇[2] 王慧亮[2] 琚艺萌 SHI Chong;WANG Haoyu;WANG Huiliang;JU Yimeng(The First Geological Brigade of Henan Province Nonferrous Metals Geological Mineral Resources Bureau,Zhengzhou 450016,China;School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省有色金属地质矿产局第一地质大队,河南郑州450016 [2]郑州大学水利与土木工程学院,河南郑州450001 [3]中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《华北水利水电大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第2期39-48,共10页Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51509223);河南省自然资源厅2019年度省自然科技项目(豫自然资函[2019]373号);河南省软科学研究计划项目(212400410465)。

摘　　要：面源污染是水域污染负荷的重要来源之一,从时空层面上进行面源污染辨识已逐步成为水域生态评估与精准治理中最重要的先决条件。基于SWAT 2012软件,模拟了鲇鱼山大型水库上游中小流域2018年内各月氮类和磷类面源污染物负荷的时空变化情况,并探讨其成因与应对措施。时空分析表明,鲇鱼山水库流域面源污染空间分布呈现3种情势:①沿岸城镇和水产主导面源污染负荷,特点是该情况集中在枯水期,受来流量影响;②水库沿线农业主导污染负荷,特点是污染负荷集中在流域西侧沿岸的耕地和林地中;③上游农林主导污染负荷,特点是上游农林业污染负荷大于下游沿岸城镇区域。定量分析表明:对于氮类面源污染物,模拟负荷为201.76 t/年,实测负荷为178.72 t/年;对于磷类面源污染物,模拟负荷为30.38 t/年,实测负荷为28.26 t/年。针对畜禽和水产养殖带来的面源污染,推荐改进畜禽养殖粪尿集中处理加工技术和水产集中养殖箱污水过滤系统。Non-point source pollution is one of the important sources of pollution load in waters,and identification of non-point source pollution from a spatiotemporal perspective has gradually become the most important prerequisite for ecological assessment and precise governance of waters.Based on SWAT 2012 software,the spatiotemporal changes of nitrogen and phosphorus non-point source pollutant loads in small and medium-sized watersheds upstream of Nianyushan Large Reservoir in 2018 were simulated,and their causes and countermeasures were discussed.The spatiotemporal analysis shows that the spatial distribution of non-point source pollution in the Nianyushan Reservoir basin presents the following three situations.Firstly,coastal towns and aquatic products dominate the non-point source pollution load,characterized by the concentration of this situation in the dry season and affected by incoming flows.Secondly,the agricultural leading pollution load along the reservoir is characterized by the concentration of pollution loads in the cultivated land and forest land along the west side of the basin.Thirdly,the upstream agriculture and forestry dominate the pollution load,which is characterized by the fact that the upstream agriculture and forestry pollution load is greater than that of the downstream coastal urban areas.Quantitative analysis shows that for nitrogen type non-point source pollutants,the simulated load is 201.76 t/a and the measured load is 178.72 t/a.For phosphorus non-point source pollutants,the simulated load is 30.38 t/a,and the measured load is 28.26 t/a.In view of the non-point source pollution caused by livestock and poultry and aquaculture,it is recommended to improve the centralized treatment and processing technology of livestock and poultry breeding feces and urine and the sewage filtration system of the centralized aquaculture tank.

关 键 词：面源污染 SWAT 大型水库 中小流域 时空变化 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]