水库淘金洞采空区塌陷特征与形成机制研究  

Study on Collapse Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of the Goafin the Gold Panning Cave at the Reservoir Area

作　　者：冯磊[1] 甘伟琪 马飞朋 张敏 FENG Lei;GAN Weiqi;MA Feipeng;ZHANG Min(Powerchina Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited,Xian 710065,China;School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司,西安710065 [2]三峡大学土木与建筑学院,湖北宜昌443002

出　　处：《西北水电》2023年第2期24-28,共5页Northwest Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金重点支持项目(U21A2031).

摘　　要：白龙江流域曾是中国砂金的主要产地之一,在河流两岸阶地砂砾石层中遗留大量的淘金洞。由于年代久远,部分洞口多已被掩埋,掏金洞分布具有隐敝性,难以发现。某水电站下闸蓄水后,部分地区出现塌陷,引起沿岸坡体沉降、开裂,房屋出现拉裂。本文在研究区工程地质条件分析基础上,采取物探与勘探结合的综合勘探方法探明淘金洞分布特征;结合地表变形特征,阐释水库蓄水条件下掏金洞采空区塌陷变形形成机制。The Bailongjiang River basin was once one of the main producing areas of placer gold in China,leaving a large number of gold panning caves in the gravel layer of the terraces on both sides of the river.Due to the age,some of the cave openings have been buried,and the gold panning caves are hidden and difficult to find.After the inundation of a hydropower station,some areas collapsed,causing the coastal slope to settle and crack,and the fracturing of houses in the area.Based on the analysis of engineering geological conditions in the study area,the distribution characteristics of gold panning caves were studied by adopting a comprehensive exploration method combining geophysical prospecting and exploration,and the formation mechanism of collapse deformation in the goaf of gold panning caves was analyzed under the condition of reservoir water storage.The results show that the mining site of the gold panning cave in the study area was close to the placer gold enrichment area at the bottom of the gravel layer,and a total of 16 gold panning caves were identified by exploration,of which 8 cave openings have been buried.The collapse deformation in the study area show a trend of large deformation near the river bank and small deformation away from the river bank.The collapse and deformation process of the goaf in the gold panning cave is affected by the rise and fall of the reservoir water level,after the reservoir is stored,the river floods part or whole of the gold panning cave,and in the process of repeated rise and fall of the reservoir water level,the cementation and softening of the gravel layer of the cave wall and the intensification of erosion gradually result in the loosening and ripping off of the gravel layer,and the collapse of the roof of the cave finally causes the ground collapse.

关 键 词：淘金洞 地面塌陷 物探 形成机制 

分 类 号：TD327[矿业工程—矿井建设]