2020年深圳市某区企业职业病危害现状调查分析  

Investigation and analysis of occupational hazards in enterprises in a district of Shenzhen in 2020

作　　者：钟小欢 田东超 管有志 ZHONG Xiao-huan;TIAN Dong-chao;GUAN You-zhi(Department of Occupational Hazard Assessment,Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518020,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市职业病防治院职业危害评价所,广东深圳518020

出　　处：《中国卫生工程学》2023年第2期162-164,167,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health Engineering

摘　　要：目的通过开展深圳市某区企业职业病危害现状调查,摸清该区企业职业病危害因素种类、职业暴露人群分布和接触水平,客观评估该区当前面临的职业病危害风险,为制定有针对性的监管对策提供依据。方法2020年6月—11月,根据第四次经济普查的企业名单,由经过培训的调查人员采用全国统一的职业病危害现状调查表进入企业调查,收集并分析相关资料。结果该区存在职业病危害因素的企业共9606家,企业职业病危害项目申报率(14.2%)、职业健康管理人员培训率(23.3%)、职业病危害因素检测率(8.1%)和职业健康监护体检率(4.8%)均较低;根据企业的规模、经济类型和行业分布发现,该区企业规模主要为微型企业(65.6%)和小型企业(31.1%),经济类型主要为有限责任公司(55.3%)和私营企业(36.7%),行业主要为计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业(26.7%)、专用设备制造业(15.2%)和金属制品业(10.8%)。结论该区企业负责人法律观念比较淡薄、职业病防治意识比较薄弱,职业卫生管理能力普遍较差。该区职业健康监管部门应加大对企业职业病防治的宣传力度,其次,要加大职业健康的监管力度,提升该区企业职业病危害项目申报率、职业病危害因素检测率和职业健康监护体检率,加强对职业病危害严重的企业的日常监管。Objective To lay the foundation for formulating targeted regulatory countermeasures,this paper aims to investi-gate the current situation of occupational hazards in enterprises in a district of Shenzhen,the types of occupational hazard factors,the distribution of occupational exposure population,the exposure level of enterprises in this district,and the cur-rent occupational hazards risks in the district.Methods From June to November in 2020,the trained investigators collect-ed the questionnaire of occupational hazards status and data in enterprises,according to the list of enterprises in the fourth economic census.Results There are 9606 enterprises with occupational hazard in this district,with the application rate of occupational hazard projects(14.2%),occupational health training rate(23.3%),detection rate of occupational hazard fac-tors(8.1%)and occupational health monitoring and physical examination rate(4.8%)being low.As for the scale of enter-prises,economic type and industry distribution,it is found that the enterprises in this area are mainly micro enterprises(65.6%)and small enterprises(31.1%),the economic types are mainly the limited liability companies(55.3%)and pri-vate enterprises(36.7%)and the main industries are computer,communication and other electronic equipment manufac-turing industry(26.7%),special equipment manufacturing industry(15.2%)and metal product industry(10.8%).Con-clusion In this area,the enterprise leaders’legal mentality is relatively low,the awareness of occupational disease pre-vention and control is relatively weak,and the enterprise occupational health management is generally poor.The occupation-al health supervision departments of the district should strengthen the propaganda of the prevention and control of occupa-tional diseases.Secondly,they should strengthen the supervision of occupational health,improve the declaration rate of oc-cupational hazards,the detection rate of occupational hazard factors and the rate of occupational health monitoring and physical examination,

关 键 词：现状调查 职业病危害 职业健康监管 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]