中学生心理健康状况调查及对策分析  

Investigation and countermeasure analysis of middle school students'mental health

作　　者：张振峰[1] 林霞 邓美荣[1] 马丽娜 安秀芳 ZHANG Zhen-feng;LIN Xia;DENG Mei-rong;MA Li-na;AN Xiu-fang(Harbin Center for Disease Control and prevention,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150056,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨市疾病预防控制中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150056 [2]黑龙江省卫生健康宣传教育与信息中心

出　　处：《中国卫生工程学》2023年第2期175-178,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health Engineering

基　　金：黑龙江省卫生健康委科研课题(2019202)。

摘　　要：目的分析哈尔滨市中学生心理健康的影响因素,为制订中学生心理健康干预策略提供依据。方法于2019年11月采取整群随机抽样法,对哈尔滨市2个区、县6所学校的1380例中学生开展心理健康知识问卷调查。采用SCL-90精神症状自评量表进行调查,调查内容包括:学生基本信息、躯体化、强迫症状,以及人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执等其他方面。采用多因素非条件Logistic回归分析模型分析影响因素。结果本次调查共发放问卷1380份,剔除无效问卷后收回调查有效问卷1358份,有效率为98.40%。调查对象中筛选出阳性学生460例,占比为33.87%,低于常模心理健康水平。调查对象的SCL-90总分、阳性项目数及各因子分数均高于常模,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。城区调查对象心理健康总分以及躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对性、恐怖、偏执、精神病性、睡眠与饮食得分均高于郊县,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。男生调查对象筛选出阳性221例(28.30%),女生调查对象筛选阳性239例(41.42%)。女生调查对象的心理健康总分以及躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对性、恐怖、偏执、精神病性、睡眠与饮食得分均高于男生,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。初中调查对象筛选出阳性135例(28.42%),高中调查对象筛选出阳性144例(32.29%),职业高级中学调查对象筛选出阳性181例(41.42%)。职业高级中学调查对象心理健康总分以及躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对性、恐怖、偏执、精神病性、睡眠与饮食得分均高于初中和高中调查对象,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。非条件Logistic回归分析显示,区县、性别、学段、家庭气氛、父母平时当着你的面吵架、当我希望从事新的活动或发展时家人都能接受且给予支持、很满意家Objective To understand and master the influencing factors of middle school students'mental health in Har-bin,this paper provided basis for exploring the intervention strategy of middle school students'mental health.Methods U-sing the method of cluster random sampling,1380 middle school students from 6 schools in 2 districts and counties of Har-bin were investigated with a questionnaire on mental health knowledge.1358 valid questionnaires were collected,and the effective rate was 98.40%.Results A total of 1380 questionnaires were distributed in this survey,and 1358 valid ques-tionnaires were retrieved after eliminating invalid questionnaires,with an effective rate of 98.40%.460 positive students were screened out from the respondents,accounting for 33.87%,lower than the mental health level of the norm.The total score of SCL-90,the number of positive items and the score of each factor of the respondents were higher than the norm,and the difference was statistically significant(all P<0.05).The total scores of mental health,somatization,obsessive-compulsive symptoms,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,hostility,phobia,paranoia,psychosis,sleep and diet of urban respondents were higher than those of suburban counties,and the difference was statistically significant(all P<0.05).221 male respondents(28.30%)were screened positive,and 239 female respondents(41.42%)were screened positive.The total scores of mental health,somatization,obsessive-compulsive symptoms,interpersonal sensitivity,depres-sion,anxiety,hostility,phobia,paranoia,psychosis,sleep and diet of female respondents were higher than those of male respondents,with significant differences(all P<0.05).135 cases(28.42%)were positive in junior high schools,144 ca-ses(32.29%)in senior high schools and 181 cases(41.42%)in vocational high schools.The total scores of mental health and somatization,obsessive compulsive symptoms,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,hostility,terror,paranoia,psychoticism,sleep and diet of the respondents in vocational hi

关 键 词：中学生 心理健康 对策 哈尔滨市 

分 类 号：G444[哲学宗教—心理学]