离子液体自燃推进剂的研究进展  

Research on Hypergolic Ionic Liquid Propellants

作　　者：焦念明 张延强[1,2] Jiao Nianming;Zhang Yanqiang(Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Particle Materials,Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Research Center of New Materials,Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology,Zhengzhou 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院过程工程研究所粉体材料技术重点实验室,北京100190 [2]郑州中科新兴产业技术研究院新材料研究中心,郑州450000

出　　处：《工程研究（跨学科视野中的工程）》2022年第6期483-498,共16页JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING STUDIES

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(22008245,21878278)。

摘　　要：自燃推进剂作为火箭和太空飞行器的动力源,是空天推进技术研究领域的重点。鉴于该类推进剂的主要组分是易挥发、强致癌和低容积能量密度的肼类化合物,开发含能离子液体(富含高能量结构,如N—N、C—N键等)替代肼类物质用作绿色自燃推进剂具有重要的环保和战略意义。本文围绕点火性能和能量特性概述了自燃型含能离子液体的类型、设计原则、合成方法和演变历程,主要包括典型的氰胺基、硼氢基两大类离子液体,以及具有代表性的功能化阳离子和金属促进剂的设计合成。尽管目前许多离子液体燃料高黏度、高成本的缺点制约着其实际工程应用的进程,但自燃离子液体结构强设计性的特点赋予了其成为未来绿色高能推进剂燃料的潜质。As the power source of rockets and space vehicles,hypergolic propellants have been the focus of research on aviation and aerospace technology.As such propellants(whose main components are hydrazine compounds)are volatile and strongly carcinogenic with a low volumetric energy density,it is of great environmental and strategic significance to replace their hydrazines with energetic ionic liquids(rich in high-energy structures,such as N—N,C—N bonds).This paper summarizes the types and evolution of hypergolic ionic liquids,focusing on ignition performance and energy characteristics,including the design and synthesis of two major categories of hypergolic ionic liquids(cyanamides and borohydrides),as well as typical functionalized cations and metal accelerators.Although the high viscosity and high cost of ionic liquid fuels currently restrict their practical application,the strong designability of hypergolic ionic liquids make them a promising candidate for future propellant fuels.

关 键 词：含能材料 离子液体 液体推进剂 高能燃料 自燃 

分 类 号：TK5[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程] O-6[理学]