4种水产消毒剂对棘胸蛙蝌蚪急性毒性研究  

Acute Toxicity of Four Conventional Disinfectants in Aquaculture onTadpoles of Frog Quasipaa spinosa

作　　者：谢永广 魏朝宇 魏秀英 罗华辉 陈敦学 XIE Yongguang;WEI Zhaoyu;WEI Xiuying;LUO Huahui;CHEN Dunxue(Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Plateau and Mountain Animals of Guizhou University,Ministry of Education,Research Center of Fishery Resources and Environment of Guizhou University,College of Animal Science,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学动物科学学院,贵州大学渔业资源与环境研究中心,贵州大学高原山地动物遗传育种与繁殖教育部重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《水产科学》2023年第3期502-508,共7页Fisheries Science

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2019]2344号).

摘　　要：两栖类作为一类重要的水产养殖品种,目前养殖规模日益扩大,消毒剂的使用已不可避免。为探明常用水产消毒剂对两栖类急性毒性的影响,保障两栖类养殖中消毒剂的安全使用,选取38~39期的棘胸蛙蝌蚪作为试验材料,选择氯化钠、甲醛、高锰酸钾和聚维酮碘4种常见水产消毒剂作为试验药物,进行急性毒性试验,结果显示,4种消毒剂在24、48、72、96h的半致死质量浓度排序均为:氯化钠>甲醛>高锰酸钾>聚维酮碘。其中氯化钠、甲醛、高锰酸钾、聚维酮碘4种药物对棘胸蛙蝌蚪96h的半致死质量浓度分别为7145.53、16.32、3.61、2.93mg/L,安全质量浓度分别为1949.01、4.80、0.88、1.85 mg/L。根据生态环境部发布的毒性分类标准,氯化钠和甲醛属于低毒消毒剂,而高锰酸钾和聚维酮碘属于中毒消毒剂。充分考虑剂量敏感性和使用方便性,推荐使用聚维酮碘作为消毒剂。此外由于蝌蚪对消毒剂的敏感性通常高于鱼类,因此在棘胸蛙等两栖类养殖过程中,需要减少消毒剂的使用剂量。试验结果将对两栖类的规模化养殖中消毒剂的安全使用提供依据,助力两栖类养殖业的健康发展。As an important aquaculture species,the aquaculture scale of amphibians is expanding,and the use of disinfectant has been inevitable.In order to evaluate acute toxicity of conventional disinfectants in aquaculture on amphibian larvae,the tadpoles of frog Quasipaa spinosa at Gosner stage 38-39 were exposed to the water contaminated in sodium chloride,formaldehyde,potassium permanganate and povidone-iodine by a static test method.The results showed that the order of median-lethal concentration(LC 50)of the four conventional disinfectants were expressed as the following:sodium chloride>formaldehyde>potassium permanganate>povidone-iodine.The 96 h median lethal concentrations(LC 50)was shown to be 7145.53 mg/L,16.32 mg/L,3.61 mg/L and 2.93 mg/L with safe concentra-tion(SC)of 1949.01mg/L,4.80mg/L,0.88mg/L and 1.85 mg/L respectively.Potassium permanganate and povidone-iodine were within the medium toxic substances while the sodium chloride and formaldehyde within the low toxic substances for tadpoles of the frog based on the toxic classification standards published by State Environmental Protection Administration of China.Taking full account of the dose-sensitivity and established conventions,povidone iodine is recommended as a disinfectant.In addition,the tadpoles are more sensitive to fish,so it needs to reduce concentration of disinfectants in amphibian larvae.

关 键 词：棘胸蛙蝌蚪 水产消毒剂 急性毒性 半致死质量浓度 安全质量浓度 

分 类 号：S948[农业科学—水产养殖]