昆山城市热岛效应特征及其关键影响因子研究  

Study on the characteristics of urban heat island effect and its key influencing factors in Kunshan

作　　者：季群 包云轩[1] 汪婷 吴俊梅 陈粲 JI Qun;BAO Yunxuan;WANG Ting;WU Junmei;CHEN Can(Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Kunshan Meteorological Bureau,Jiangsu Kunshan 215300,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学、气象灾害预报和评估协同创新中心,南京210044 [2]昆山市气象局,江苏昆山215300

出　　处：《气象科学》2023年第2期155-166,共12页Journal of the Meteorological Sciences

基　　金：江苏省科技支撑计划项目(BE2014734);昆山市社会发展科技计划项目(KS1459)。

摘　　要：昆山地处长三角超大城市群中,在热岛效应上受到了上海、苏州等大、中城市的显著影响。利用2014—2017年昆山气象站网逐小时观测资料分析昆山城市热岛强度时空分布特征的基础上,结合归一化建筑指数(Normalized Difference Built-up Index,NDBI),揭示了城市功能分区和城市扩张对该市热岛强度的影响,并通过一套用于城市气候研究的系统的场地分类方法—局地气候分区体系(Local Climate Zones,LCZ),探讨了不同城市用地的热岛强度特征。研究发现:昆山市热岛强度总体呈现夜间强、白天弱的特征。季节变化上表现为秋季最强,冬季次之,春季和夏季较弱;昆山市城市热岛强度处于逐年增长的过程,各镇中平均年际热岛强度增长率最高可达0.19℃·a^(-1)。高热岛强度范围由东南向西北延伸,湖陆风效应对昼夜热岛强度的分布及其变化有一定的影响,由于水体的作用,昆山市NDBI与夜间热岛强度的相关性较差,而与白天的热岛强度呈高度正相关。各镇不同的功能分区对热岛效应有显著影响,且当各镇的平均NDBI每增加0.1时,白天平均热岛强度会增加0.16℃;不同LCZ类型的热岛强度具有显著的差异,且地块城市化程度越高,热岛效应越强。密集低层建筑区(LCZ 3)和工业厂房(LCZ 10)的热岛强度与人类活动密切相关;开阔低层建筑区(LCZ 6)与茂密树木区(LCZ A)热岛强度表现出相似的变化特征;森林绿地(LCZ A、LCZ B)对热岛效应有缓解作用;水体(LCZ G)在白天有一定的降温效果,在夜间则会加剧热岛效应。Kunshan is located in the Yangtze River Delta Megalopolis,and its significantly affected by Shanghai,Suzhou and other large and medium-sized cities in terms of urban heat island(UHI).Based on the analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of urban heat island intensity(UHII)in Kunshan by using the hourly observation data of Kunshan meteorological stations from 2014 to 2017,combined with Normalized Butding Index(NDBI),this study investigated the impact of urban functional division and urban expansion on the UHII.A set of the systematic site classification method for urban climate research,namely the Local Climate Zone system(LCZ),was also applied to investigate the characteristics of UHII of different urban landuses in Kunshan.The results were shown as follows:The UHII was generally strong at night but weak during the day in Kunshan.In terms of seasonal variation,the average UHII was the strongest in autumn,followed by winter,and relatively weaker in spring and summer.The UHII has been increasing year by year in Kunshan and the highest annual UHII growth rate among the towns was 0.19℃·a^(-1).The range of high UHII extended from southeast to northwest.The lake-land breeze had a certain influence on the distribution and variation of diurnal UHII.Due to the role of water bodies,the correlation between the NDBI and the nighttime UHII was weak,but NDBI was highly positively correlated with the daytime UHII.The different functional division of each town in Kunshan had significant impact on the UHI,and when the average NDBI of each town increased by 0.1,the average daytime UHII would increase by 0.16℃.It was found that the heat island intensity(HII)of different LCZs was significantly different,and the higher the urbanization degree of the land,the stronger the heat island(HI)effect.The HII of compact low-rise zones(LCZ 3)and heavy industry zones(LCZ 10)was closely related to the human activities.The HII in the open low-rise zones(LCZ 6)and the dense trees zones(LCZ A)showed similar characteris

关 键 词：昆山 城市热岛效应 归一化建筑指数 局地气候分区 城市集约化 

分 类 号：P463.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]