玉山雷暴大风雷达回波特征分析  

Analysis of radar echo characteristics of thunderstorm and gale in Yushan

作　　者：徐瑾薇 马中元[1] 郑媛媛[3] 陈鲍发 张晓芳 罗龙 XU Jinwei;MA Zhongyuan;ZHENG Yuanyuan;CHEN Baofa;ZHANG Xiaofang;LUO Long(Jiangxi Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Nanchang 330046,China;Yushan County Meteorological Bureau,Yushan 334700,China;Jiangsu Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Nanjing 210041,China;Jingdezhen Meteorological Bureau,Jiangxi Jingdezhen 333000,China;Wuyuan County Meteorological Bureau,Jiangxi Shangrao 333200,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省气象科学研究所,南昌330046 [2]玉山县气象局,江西玉山334700 [3]江苏省气象科学研究所,南京210041 [4]景德镇市气象局,江西景德镇333000 [5]婺源县气象局,江西上饶333200

出　　处：《气象科学》2023年第2期167-176,共10页Journal of the Meteorological Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1507503);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41575036)。

摘　　要：利用气象信息综合分析处理系统、江西WebGIS雷达拼图、江西自动气象站、上饶SA雷达等资料,综合分析了2004—2020年玉山县15次雷暴大风过程特征。结果表明:玉山雷暴大风集中出现在5—9月,其中7月最多;雷暴大风有明显日变化特征,午后增温是高发期,导致玉山雷暴大风天气主要有三类中尺度系统,分别为冷锋倒槽类、副高控制类、热带系统类;按雷达拼图回波特征分为飑线回波带上超级单体、飑线(弓状)回波带上强单体、副高边缘强回波短带和局地热雷雨强回波三类。飑线回波带上超级单体中心回波强度超过60 dBZ,回波带有明显的“弓”状结构,移动速度可达80~100 km·h^(-1);副高边缘的雷暴大风天气发生在局地热雷雨强回波发展合并时,局地性强,移动缓慢,移速仅30 km·h^(-1)左右。雷达PUP产品上超级单体冰雹和雷暴大风主要区别为:组合反射率CR产品60 dBZ强回波面积冰雹较大,雷暴大风较小;垂直累积液态水(Vertically Integrated Liquid,VIL)冰雹可达到60 kg·m^(-2),雷暴大风VIL≤35 kg·m^(-2);反射率因子垂直剖面(Reflectivity Cross Section,RCS)冰雹有超过65 dBZ强回波核,雷暴大风则没有;径向速度垂直剖面(Velocity Cross Section,VCS)冰雹出现中气旋结构,雷暴大风则出现“逆风区”或弱切变结构。There are 15 cases of thunderstorm and gale processes in Yushan County from 2004 to 2020 are analyzed through various analysis methods based on MICAPS weather map,Jiangxi WebGIS radar puzzle,Jiangxi automatic weather station and Shangrao SA Radar data.The results show that the thunderstorm and gale in Yushan is mainly concentrated from May to September,of which the peak is in July.Thunderstorm and gale have obvious diurnal variation,and the afternoon is a period with high-occurrence due to the warming.There are three types of mesoscale systems in Yushan thunderstorm and gale weather:the cold front and inverted trough type,the subtropical high control type and the tropical system type.The Radar Mosaic echo features can be divided into three categories:the supercell on squall line echo belt,the strong cell on squall line(bow)echo belt and the strong echo short belt on the edge of subtropical high and strong echo of local geothermal thunderstorm.The echo intensity of the supercell center on the squall line echo belt is larger than 60 dBZ,and the echo has an obvious“bow”structure,and the moving speed can reach 80-100 km·h^(-1).The thunderstorm and gale weather at the edge of the subtropical high occurs when the echo of local geothermal thunderstorm intensity develops and merges,with strong locality and slow movement,and the moving speed is only about 30 km·h^(-1).The main differences between supercell hail and thunderstorm gale on radar PUP products are as follows:60 dBZ strong echo area of combined reflectivity CR products is large,hail is large but thunderstorm gale is small;Vertical accumulated liquid water hail can reach 60 km·h^(-1),and thunderstorm gale VIL≤35 km·h^(-1);Reflectivity factor vertical profile Reflectivity Cross Section(RCS)hail has greater than 65 dBZ strong echo core,but thunderstorm and gale do not;Mesocyclone structure appears in Velocity Cross Section(VCS)hail in radial velocity vertical profile,and the thunderstorm gale appears“upwind area”or weak shear structure.

关 键 词：雷暴大风 冰雹 回波廓线 雷达拼图 PUP产品 

分 类 号：P415.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]