麦田小气候对春季典型霜冻天气过程的响应分析  

Response of Wheat Microclimate to Typical Spring Frost Weather Process

作　　者：张继波 朱保美[3] 李树军 邱粲 李楠 韩伟[5] Zhang Jibo;Zhu Baomei;Li Shujun;Qiu Can;Li Nan;Han Wei(Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Shandong,Jinan 250031,China;Shandong Climate Center,Jinan 250031,China;Qihe Meteorological Station of Shandong Province,Qihe 251100,China;Weifang Meteorological Office,Weifang 261000,China;Shandong Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省气象防灾减灾重点实验室,济南250031 [2]山东省气候中心,济南250031 [3]齐河县气象局,山东齐河251100 [4]潍坊市气象局,山东潍坊261000 [5]山东省农业技术推广中心,济南250100

出　　处：《气象与环境科学》2023年第2期50-57,共8页Meteorological and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：山东省气象局气象科学技术研究项目(面上课题)(2020sdqxm03);山东省气象局气象科研引导类项目(2021SDYD25)。

摘　　要：利用桓台县、莘县国家气象观测站和农田小气候自动观测站观测资料,选取2020年、2022年两次典型晚霜冻天气过程,对比分析晚霜冻天气过程农田小气候自动观测站与国家气象观测站150 cm气温的差异,探究晚霜冻天气过程影响下麦田气温、空气湿度(30 cm、60 cm、150 cm、300 cm)和地温(0 cm、5 cm、10 cm、15 cm、20 cm、30 cm、40 cm、50 cm)在垂直尺度上的变化特征。结果表明:两次典型晚霜冻天气过程影响下,大部分时段麦田150 cm气温低于国家气象观测站值;各层气温、地温和冠层叶温日变化均呈“降—升—降”型;白天越接近地面,气温、地温越高,夜间越接近地面,气温、地温越低,越接近地面,气温、地温降温幅度、降温速率越大,低温持续时间越长。土壤层次越深,热量向下传导越慢,地温升高或降低均越滞后,达到最高值或最低值时间均越晚。麦田各层空气湿度日变化趋势与气温的相反,呈“升—降—升”型,距离地面越近,空气湿度越大,达到最大值时间越早,距离地面越远,空气湿度越小,达到最大值时间越晚,夜间层次间空气湿度差显著大于白天的。不同时期、不同强度晚霜冻影响下,下垫面动态变化的麦田小气候特征规律不尽相同,差异明显。Based on the data of two typical late frost weather processes in the Huantai County and Shen County farmland microclimate automatic observation stations and the national meteorological observation stations in 2020 and 2022,the differences in temperature at 150 cm height at the two kinds of observation stations are compared and analyzed in this paper.Besides,the characteristics of changes in temperature,air humidity(30 cm,60 cm,150 cm and 300 cm)and ground temperature(0 cm,5 cm,10 cm,15 cm,20 cm,30 cm,40 cm and 50 cm)in wheat fields at vertical scales under the influence of late frost weather processes are discussed.The results show that the 150 cm temperature of wheat field is lower than the temperature at the national meteorological station for most of the time periods under the influence of the two typical late frost weather processes.The diurnal variations of the air temperature and ground temperature at each layer,and the canopy leaf temperature all show a pattern of“descending-rising-descending”.The closer it is to the ground during the day,the higher the air temperature and ground temperature are.During the nighttime,however,the closer to the ground,the lower the air temperature and ground temperature;the closer to the ground,the greater the cooling range and rate of air temperature and ground temperature,and the longer the duration of low temperature.The deeper the soil layer,the slower the heat to be transferred downward,the more delayed the ground temperature is increased or decreased,and the later the maximum or minimum value is reached.By contrast,the diurnal changing trend of air humidity in each layer of wheat field is opposite to that of temperature,showing a“rising-descending-rising”pattern.The closer to the ground,the higher the air humidity and the earlier the maximum time to be reached;the further away from the ground,the lower the air humidity and the later the maximum time to be reached;and the difference in air humidity between different atmospheric levels at night is significantly gr

关 键 词：麦田 小气候 晚霜冻 垂直尺度 特征 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学] S162.4