海藻水溶肥和黄腐酸水溶肥对富士苹果树体生长及果实品质的影响  

Effects of alginate water soluble fertilizer and fulvic acid water soluble fertilizer on tree growth and fruit quality of Fuji apple

作　　者：刘丽[1] 魏志峰[1] 石彩云 高登涛[1] 刘军伟[1] 司鹏[1] LIU Li;WEI Zhifeng;SHI Caiyun;GAO Dengtao;LIU Junwei;SI Peng(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/The Key Laboratory of Fruit Growth Development and Quality Control,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所·果树生长发育与品质控制重点开放实验室,郑州450009

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第5期893-901,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：河南省重点研发专项(221111111800);河南省科技攻关项目(23210211036);中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所协同创新专项计划(ZGS202106)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究施用海藻水溶肥和黄腐酸水溶肥对M9T337自根砧富士苹果根系生长、叶片生长和果实品质的影响,对两种功能性肥料的使用效果和CI-600根系原位监测系统在苹果树根系生长中的应用效果进行评价。【方法】以5年生M9T337矮化自根砧阿珍富士为材料,用复合肥(对照)、等量NPK海藻水溶肥(AF)、等量NPK黄腐酸水溶肥(FF)处理苹果树,用CI-600根系原位监测系统对根系进行监测,同时测定了各处理苹果叶片生长情况和果实品质。【结果】两种新型肥料均有促进根系生长的作用,不同施肥处理的叶片叶绿素相对含量、百叶鲜质量、百叶干质量、单果质量、果形指数、可溶性固形物含量、固酸比、维生素C含量均高于对照。不同施肥处理对果皮着色也有不同程度改善。用主成分降维分析进行综合效果的评价,综合效果由高到低为:AF>FF>对照。【结论】海藻水溶肥和黄腐酸水溶肥均促进了富士苹果根系的生长,同时提高了叶片叶绿素相对含量、净光合速率和叶片中干物质含量,提升了果实品质。海藻水溶肥处理综合效果优于黄腐酸水溶肥。CI-600根系原位监测系统在苹果根系观测中具有较好的应用效果。【Objective】Effects of alginate water soluble fertilizer and fulvic acid fertilizer on root growth,leaf growth and fruit quality of Fuji apple with M9T337 rootstock were studied,and their appli-cation effects were evaluated.【Methods】Using 5-year-old Aztec Fuji trees with M9T337 dwarfing rootstock as materials,apple trees were treated with compound fertilizer(CK),equal amount of NPK al-ginate water soluble fertilizer(AF)and equal amount of NPK fulvic acid water-soluble fertilizer(FF).The roots were monitored by CI-600 root in-situ monitoring system,and the root growth,the leaf growth and fruit quality were measured.Three treatments were designed,CK(compound fertilizer),AF(alginate water soluble fertilizer)and FF(fulvic acid water-soluble fertilizer).Three repeats were set for each treatment,a single plant as a plot,a total of 9 plants.The fertilizeres for all treatments were ap-plied in three times:before flowering(March 20th),young fruit stage(May 20th)and fruit expansion stage(July 20th).The input of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in each period was 40%,30%and 30%of the annual input,respectively.The water-soluble fertilizer treatment adopted the integrated fertil-ization technology of water and fertilizer with simple device,consistently with other field management.WinRHIZO Tron MF 2019 analysis software was used to process the collected images and obtain rele-vant root data.According to the vertical position of the soil,each picture was divided into four layers:0-20 cm,20-40 cm,40-60 cm and 60-80 cm.The roots in each soil layer were described respectively,and the length,average width,surface area,volume and other parameters of the root system were ana-lyzed.The relative chlorophyll content was measured by SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter.The leaf area was measured with a leaf area meter LI-3000C.The photosynthetic index was measured by CIRAS-3 portable photosynthetic instrument of PP system.The leaf fresh weight was weighted by an electronic balance.After weighing,the leaves were put into an oven at 105℃fo

关 键 词：苹果 根系原位监测 海藻水溶肥 黄腐酸水溶肥 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]