增材制造316L不锈钢应力腐蚀研究进展  

Research progress in stress corrosion of additively manufactured 316L stainless steels

作　　者：招晶鑫 淡振华 孙中刚 张崇宏[2] 常辉 ZHAO Jingxin;DAN Zhenhua;SUN Zhonggang;ZHANG Chonghong;CHANG Hui(Tech Institute for Advanced Materials,College of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 210009,China;Institute of Modern Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学材料科学与工程学院新材料研究院,南京210009 [2]中国科学院近代物理研究所,兰州730000

出　　处：《材料工程》2023年第5期1-13,共13页Journal of Materials Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51671106,51931008);江苏省重点研发计划(BE2019119)。

摘　　要：应力腐蚀开裂是不锈钢零部件失效的主要形式之一,是材料力学和腐蚀电化学交叉领域的重要研究方向。与传统工艺制备相比,增材制造技术制备的316L不锈钢内部微观组织复杂,存在增材制造工艺引起的气孔、未熔合区等固有缺陷,导致其应力腐蚀行为更为复杂。本文基于国内外关于增材制造316L不锈钢的研究实例,综述了应力腐蚀行为特征及主控机制,包括氢致开裂和阳极溶解两种应力腐蚀机理、穿晶断裂和沿晶解理两种作用形式,并归纳了孪晶、异种晶相交界处、气孔及未熔合处、元素偏析等组织结构缺陷等对增材制造316L不锈钢应力腐蚀的影响。针对电化学噪声、高分辨中子衍射、三维形貌表征等三种原位测试方法在不锈钢应力腐蚀行为研究方面的现状和技术优势进行了总结。最后提出了高温辐照等严苛环境下的应力腐蚀行为特征研究,以及裂纹尖端应力分配模型及重构准则等增材制造不锈钢应力腐蚀未来的研究方向。Stress corrosion cracking(SCC),as an important research direction in the interdisciplinary of material mechanics and corrosion electrochemistry,is one of the main failure modes of stainless steel components.Compared with traditional wrought technology,additive manufacturing(AM)316L stainless steel has complicated microstructure and inherent defects including pores and lack of fusion places(LOF)caused by additive manufacturing process,resulting in more complex SCC behavior.Herein,the basic SCC behavior of 316L stainless steel was discussed in detail on the basis of the researches of AM316L stainless steel at home and abroad.The main contents include two stress corrosion mechanisms of hydrogen induced cracking and anodic dissolution.Two behavior of transgranular cracking and intergranular cracking were described.The effects of microstructure on SCC behavior of AM316L,including twins,different crystal interface,pores,LOF,and element segregation were summarized.The current situation and advantages of three in-situ characterization methods,including electrochemical noise,high-resolution neutron diffraction and three-dimensional morphology characterization were introduced,which are of great significance to explore the SCC behavior of AM316L.Finally,the prospective future of the research directions of SCC behavior of additive manufacturing stainless steel were proposed,including the research of SCC characteristics under high temperature irradiation environment and the principle of stress distribution and restructuration at crack tips.

关 键 词：增材制造 316L不锈钢 应力腐蚀开裂机理 微观组织特征 原位表征方法 

分 类 号：TG171[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]