纳米硅对低温下番茄生长发育及碳水化合物积累的影响  

Effects of nano-Si on tomota plant growth and carbohydrates accumulation at low temperature

作　　者：郭树勋 代泽敏 杨然 姬晨 石玉[1] 张毅[1] GUO Shuxun;DAI Zemin;YANG Ran;JI Chen;SHI Yu;ZHANG Yi(College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院,太谷030801

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2023年第5期742-749,共8页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：山西省研究生教育创新项目(2021Y324);山西省重点研发计划重点项目(201903D211011-03);山西省高等学校大学生创新创业训练计划项目(20220168)资助。

摘　　要：为探究纳米硅对低温下番茄根系构型及碳水化合物积累的调控机制,以番茄品种‘中杂9号’为材料,通过基质盆栽试验,研究了施用纳米硅对低温下番茄幼苗生物量、根系构型、光合能力以及非结构性碳水化合物含量的影响。结果表明:1)低温下番茄幼苗生物量、总根长、根尖数、光合色素含量和净光合速率等显著下降(P<0.05),可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量显著增加(P<0.05),其中地上部鲜重、净光合速率和总根长分别降低48.60%、66.88%和65.49%(P<0.05)。2)施用纳米硅在常温和低温下均能显著提高番茄幼苗的生物量、根系活力、根尖数、分形维数、净光合速率和非结构性碳水化合物含量,其中低温下施用纳米硅番茄幼苗根分叉数、净光合速率和叶片可溶性糖含量分别提高35.25%、48.24%和75.69%(P<0.05)。由上可知,低温严重制约了番茄的光合作用、根系的生长发育以及非结构性碳水化合物的积累,根系构型参数偏向于不利于植物正常生长的方向变化,施用纳米硅可通过促进光合色素合成、提高光合速率和根系活力、改善根系构型及提高非结构性碳水化合物积累来提高番茄抗冷性。Low temperatures are one of the main limiting factors in the development of agricultural facilities in North China.Farmers need cheap and convenient agronomic measures to improve tomato resistance to low temperatures.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nano-Si on root system architecture and the accumulation mechanism of non-structural carbohydrates of tomato seedlings at low temperatures.In this study,the tomato cultivar‘Zhongza 9’was cultivated by substrate cultivation and was used as the test material,and the effects of leaf spraying nano-Si(0 mg∙L−1 and 100 mg∙L−1)at room temperature(25℃/16℃,day/night)and low temperature(15℃/6℃,day/night)on tomato biomass,root system architecture,photosynthetic capacity,and non-structural carbohydrates contents were studied.The results showed that:1)At low temperatures,the biomass,total root length,root tips number,photosynthetic pigment content,and net photosynthetic rate of tomatoes were significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the contents of soluble sugar,sucrose,and starch were significantly increased(P<0.05),and shoot fresh weight,net photosynthetic rate,and total root length were decreased by 48.60%,66.88%,and 65.49%,respectively(P<0.05).2)Application of nano-Si significantly increased tomato biomass,root activity,root tips number,fractal dimension,net photosynthetic rate,and non-structural carbohydrates contents at room temperature and low temperature(P<0.05),whereas application of nano-Si at low temperatures increased the root tips number,net photosynthetic rate,and leaf soluble sugar content by 35.25%,48.24%,and 75.69%,respectively(P<0.05).In conclusion,low temperatures severely restrict photosynthesis,root growth,and transport of non-structural carbohydrates in tomato leaves,and root system architecture parameters tend to change in directions that are not conducive to plant growth.The application of nano-Si could improve the cold resistance of tomatoes by promoting the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments,increasing the photosyn

关 键 词：低温 番茄 纳米硅 根系构型 非结构性碳水化合物 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]